The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium in medaka (Oryzias latipes) cells.
Aquat Toxicol
; 87(1): 60-7, 2008 Apr 08.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-18313153
ABSTRACT
Chromium is an increasing health concern for aquatic environments, however, the mechanism of chromium toxicity in aquatic species is yet unknown. We used a medaka (Oryzias latipes) fin cell line to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of sodium chromate, a soluble form of hexavalent chromium. We used a clonogenic cytotoxicity assay to measure sodium chromate cytotoxicity, gamma-H2A.X immunofluoresence to measure DNA double-strand breaks, and chromosome damage to measure clastogenicity. We found that sodium chromate is cytotoxic to medaka fin cells, with toxicity increasing in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatments of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 microM sodium chromate caused 100, 103.5, 87.8, 77.5, 40.9, 15 and 2.7% survival, respectively, relative to the control. We visualized DNA double-strand breaks in medaka cells through the formation of gamma-H2A.X foci. Breaks could be detected at concentrations as low as 1 microM. We also found that sodium chromate induces chromosomal aberrations, causing chromatid lesions and exchanges that increase with concentration. Treatments of 0, 1, 5, 10 and 25 microM sodium chromate damaged 10.3, 17, 32.3, 43 and 51.6% of metaphases and induced 13, 23, 44, 69 and 118 total aberrations in 100 metaphases, respectively. These data show that hexavalent chromium is both cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells. Our results set the context for future work in the medaka cell culture model and provide important tools for investigating mechanisms of toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Poluentes Químicos da Água
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Oryzias
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Ensaio Tumoral de Célula-Tronco
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Cromatos
/
Compostos de Sódio
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Aquat Toxicol
Ano de publicação:
2008
Tipo de documento:
Article