Differences in sexual risk behaviors among male and female HIV-seronegative heterosexual methamphetamine users.

BACKGROUND: Despite increased awareness and attention towards methamphetamine (MA) use among men who have sex with men (MSM), few studies have examined behaviors and effects of MA use among heterosexual populations. OBJECTIVE: To learn whether behaviors and effects of MA use among heterosexuals differ according to gender. METHODS: We examined gender differences in sociodemographic characteristics, drug use practices, sexual behaviors, and consequences and motivations for MA use among 452 HIV-negative MA users (306 men, 146 women) who had engaged in unprotected sex and used MA in the previous two months. RESULTS: Females in the sample were younger and more likely to be married, to have been diagnosed with an STI in the last two months, and to report having been introduced to MA by a sexual partner. Women were also more likely to experience depressive symptoms and to report using MA "to lose weight." Men were more likely to engage in sex marathons while high on MA and to use MA "to enhance sexual pleasure." CONCLUSION: These differences suggest the importance of crafting gender-specific intervention messages, and they may contribute to identifying individuals at risk for initiating MA use. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings contribute to our knowledge of gender differences in behaviors and effects of MA use among heterosexuals. Future studies would benefit from collection of longitudinal data (to assess causal relationships) and use of a control group (to distinguish correlates of MA use from those of drug use in general).