Time course of changes in ocular aberrations after instillation of carteolol long-acting solution and timolol gel-forming solution.

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of 2% carteolol long-acting solution (long-acting carteolol) and 0.5% timolol gel-forming solution (timolol gel) on ocular wavefront aberrations. METHODS: Ocular aberrations were assessed in the right eye of 24 healthy volunteers at baseline and at 2, 5, 10, and 15 min after instillation of long-acting carteolol, timolol gel or physiological saline using the Hartmann-Shack aberrometer. Ten serial measurements were taken over 10 s at each time point, and the root mean square (RMS) of second-, third-, fourth-, and total higher-order aberrations were calculated. The stability index and fluctuation index were also determined. RESULTS: Second-order aberrations did not change significantly after instillation of study eye-drops. Higher-order aberrations increased significantly after instillation of long-acting carteolol and timolol gel. Timolol gel induced significantly larger changes than long-acting carteolol in third-order RMS at 2 min (P = 0.001), fourth-order RMS at 2 (P < 0.001) and 5 (P = 0.013) min, and total higher-order RMS at 2 (P < 0.001) and 5 (P = 0.016) min after instillation, but not at 10 and 15 min after administration. Fluctuation index increased significantly after instillation of each eye-drop (P < 0.001), with significantly larger increases after timolol gel than long-acting carteolol at 2 min (P = 0.005) and 5 min (P = 0.011). No significant changes were observed in stability index. CONCLUSIONS: Both topical ß blockers with a once-daily dosing regimen temporarily deteriorate optical quality of the eye by increasing higher-order aberrations, and the increases are much larger after instillation of timolol gel than long-acting carteolol.