Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among previously treated patients in the Philippines.

SETTING: Prior treatment has been associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in many settings. The Philippines ranks fifth among 27 priority countries for MDR-TB. OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of MDR-TB among previously treated patients referred for MDR screening and management. DESIGN: Descriptive study of the rate of MDR-TB among 4705 previously treated patients screened from 2003 to 2008. RESULTS: MDR-TB was present in 76% of 2438 screened patients who had positive cultures. The proportion of patients with MDR-TB was the same among patients referred from public or DOTS facilities and private or non-DOTS facilities. MDR-TB occurred most frequently among patients who failed treatment with the Category 2 regimen (97%), those who did not demonstrate culture conversion after 3 months of Category 2 treatment (91%), and Category 1 failures (83%). MDR-TB rates were respectively 78% and 57% for Category 2 relapse and return after default (RAD), and respectively 33% and 22% for Category 1 relapse and RAD. CONCLUSION: MDR-TB is frequent among previously treated patients in the Philippines. Screening with culture and drug susceptibility testing should be considered for these patients.