Respiratory tract versus cloacal sampling of migratory ducks for influenza A viruses: are both ends relevant?
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
; 7(1): 93-6, 2013 Jan.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-22458473
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Early studies in dabbling ducks showed that cloacal swabs yielded a larger number of avian influenza virus (AIV) isolates than did respiratory tract swabs. Historically, AIV surveillance has been performed by collecting cloacal or environmental fecal samples only. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus emerged in 1996 and replicated to higher titers in the respiratory rather than the gastrointestinal tract of ducks, prompting the collection of respiratory samples in addition to cloacal swabs from wild birds. Studies confirmed that some virus subtypes, especially H9 and highly pathogenic H5, are shed primarily through the respiratory tract and may not be detected in cloacal swabs.OBJECTIVES:
To examine prevalence and subtype differences for AIV isolates from cloacal or respiratory swabs of wild ducks and to determine whether individual respiratory tract samples should be included in AIV surveillance studies in wild birds.METHODS:
Individual respiratory tract and cloacal swabs were collected from each of 1036 wild ducks in Alberta, Canada, during the month of August from 2007 to 2010 in an ongoing surveillance study. Virus isolation in eggs and subtype identification by antigenic and molecular methods were performed. RESULTS ANDCONCLUSIONS:
Respiratory tract and cloacal swabs yielded ten influenza virus HA subtypes representing 28 HA-NA combinations. Three HA-NA subtype combinations were found exclusively in respiratory tract samples. Only four HA subtypes (H1, H3, H4, and H7) were recovered from respiratory samples, but respiratory shedding was associated with the dominance of 1 year's subtype. Might respiratory shedding provide a risk assessment indicator?
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Vírus da Influenza A
/
Sistema Respiratório
/
Cloaca
/
Vigilância de Evento Sentinela
/
Migração Animal
/
Patos
/
Influenza Aviária
Tipo de estudo:
Evaluation_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Animals
País/Região como assunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article