Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling for the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors on blood glucose level and renal glucose excretion in db/db mice.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the relationship between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors. PK-PD studies of SGLT inhibitors (CH4941527 and T-1095), which have different half-life and selectivity to SGLT2, were performed using db/db mice. The time courses of compound concentration in plasma, blood glucose (BG), and renal glucose excretion were measured after a single oral administration of each SGLT inhibitor. An indirect-response PK-PD model was developed, in which it was assumed that an SGLT inhibitor enhances renal glucose excretion and the enhanced glucose excretion reduces BG. In the PK-PD study, both SGLT inhibitors increased renal glucose excretion and reduced BG in a dose-dependent manner. The present PK-PD model could suitably capture the effect of SGLT inhibitors and the effect shown suggested that the BG reduction could be explained by the enhanced renal glucose excretion. There were no great differences in the estimated PD parameters between the two inhibitors and they were comparable to the data from previously reported pharmacological studies. The present PK-PD model is helpful for understanding the plasma concentration-dependent effect of SGLT inhibitors on renal glucose excretion and BG.