Physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt and water homeostasis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
; 305(3): R175-86, 2013 Aug 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23739341
ABSTRACT
Intracellular salt and water homeostasis is essential for all cellular life. Extracellular salt and water homeostasis is also important for multicellular organisms. Many fundamental mechanisms of compensation for osmotic perturbations are well defined and conserved. Alternatively, molecular mechanisms of detecting salt and water imbalances and regulating compensatory responses are generally poorly defined for animals. Throughout the last century, researchers studying vertebrates and vertebrate cells made critical contributions to our understanding of osmoregulation, especially mechanisms of salt and water transport and organic osmolyte accumulation. Researchers have more recently started using invertebrate model organisms with defined genomes and well-established methods of genetic manipulation to begin defining the genes and integrated regulatory networks that respond to osmotic stress. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is well suited to these studies. Here, I introduce osmoregulatory mechanisms in this model, discuss experimental advantages and limitations, and review important findings. Key discoveries include defining genetic mechanisms of osmolarity sensing in neurons, identifying protein damage as a sensor and principle determinant of hypertonic stress resistance, and identification of a putative sensor for hypertonic stress associated with the extracellular matrix. Many of these processes and pathways are conserved and, therefore, provide new insights into salt and water homeostasis in other animals, including mammals.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico
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Água
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Caenorhabditis elegans
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Eletrólitos
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Homeostase
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article