The diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of extracranial carotid stenosis.
Dtsch Arztebl Int
; 110(27-28): 468-76, 2013 Jul.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23964303
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Extracranial atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid bifurcation cause 10% to 20% of all cases of cerebral ischemia. Until now, there have been no comprehensive evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the management of patients with extracranial carotid stenosis in Germany and Austria.METHODS:
The literature was systematically searched for pertinent publications (1990-2011). On the basis of 182 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 308 systematic reviews, 30 key questions were answered and evidence-based recommendations were issued.RESULTS:
The prevalence of extracranial carotid stenosis is more than 5% from age 65 onward. Men are affected twice as frequently as women. The most important diagnostic technique is Doppler- and color-coded duplex ultrasonography. RCTs have shown that the treatment of high-grade asymptomatic carotid stenosis with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can lower the 5-year risk of stroke from 11% to 5%. Intensive conservative treatment may lower the stroke risk still further. Moreover, RCTs have shown that CEA for symptomatic 50% to 99% carotid stenosis lowers the 5-year stroke risk by 5% to 16%. Meta-analyses of the 13 available RCTs comparing carotid artery stenting (CAS) with CEA have shown that CAS is associated with a 2% to 2.5% higher risk of periprocedural stroke or death and with a 0.5% to 1% lower risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction. If no particular surgical risk factors are present, CEA is the standard treatment for high-grade carotid stenosis. CAS may be considered as an alternative to CEA if the rate of procedure-related stroke or death can be kept below 3% or 6% for asymptomatic and symptomatic stenosis, respectively.CONCLUSION:
Further studies are needed so that better selection criteria can be developed for individually tailored treatment.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Cardiologia
/
Estenose das Carótidas
/
Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
/
Medicina Baseada em Evidências
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
/
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
País/Região como assunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Dtsch Arztebl Int
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article