Value of serum nonceruloplasmin copper for prediction of mild cognitive impairment conversion to Alzheimer disease.
Ann Neurol
; 75(4): 574-80, 2014 Apr.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24623259
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
Meta-analyses show that nonbound ceruloplasmin (non-Cp) copper (also known as free or labile copper) in serum is higher in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). It differentiates subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from healthy controls. However, a longitudinal study on an MCI cohort has not yet been performed to assess the accuracy of non-Cp copper for the prediction of conversion from MCI to AD during a long-term follow-up.METHODS:
The study included 42 MCI converters and 99 stable MCI subjects. We assessed levels of copper, ceruloplasmin, non-Cp copper, iron, transferrin, ferritin, and APOE genotype. A multiple Cox regression analysis-with age, sex, baseline Mini-Mental State Examination, APOE4, iron, non-Cp copper, transferrin, ferritin, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension as covariates-was applied to predict the conversion from MCI to AD.RESULTS:
Among the evaluated parameters, the only significant predictor of conversion to AD was non-Cp copper (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.47, p = 0.022); for each additional micromole per liter unit (µmol/l) of non-Cp copper, the hazard increased by ~20%. Subjects with non-Cp copper levels >1.6 µmol/l had a hazard conversion rate (50% of conversion in 4 years) that was ~3× higher than those with values ≤1.6 µmol/l (<20% in 4 years). The rate of conversion was similar between APOE4 carriers and noncarriers (p = 0.321), indicating that the non-Cp copper association was independent of APOE4.INTERPRETATION:
Non-Cp copper appears to predict conversion from MCI to AD. These results encourage healthy life style choices and dietary intervention to modify this risk.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Transtornos Cognitivos
/
Cobre
/
Doença de Alzheimer
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
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Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Aspecto:
Patient_preference
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Ann Neurol
Ano de publicação:
2014
Tipo de documento:
Article