Clinical significance of the prostate-specific antigen doubling time prior to and following radical prostatectomy to predict the outcome of prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT

With the advent of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a larger number of prostate cancers in the early phase have been successfully detected. Although decisions to perform prostate biopsies are routinely based on PSA levels, the PSA level is easily influenced by benign prostatic hyperplasia, with poor specificity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the clinical significance of prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) prior to and following radical prostatectomy. In total, 488 patients with T1c-3N0M0 prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy were included. Preoperative and postoperative PSADT were retrospectively correlated with pathological and clinical outcomes. Preoperative PSADT was measured in 204 of the 488 patients. In total, 16 out of 20 patients with a preoperative PSADT of >24 months had a cancer confined to the prostate compared with 105 of 184 patients with a PSADT of <24 months. The PSA non-recurrence rate at 5 years for patients with a preoperative PSADT of >24 months was significantly better compared with those with a preoperative PSADT of <24 months (P=0.011). Patients with a PSADT of >24 months and stable PSADT were associated with PSA recurrence following surgery, based on multivariate analysis. Postoperative PSADT was measured in 51 of 111 patients with PSA failure following surgery. Pathologically, 7 of 8 patients with a post-PSADT of >24 months had a cancer confined to the prostate compared with 14 of 43 patients with a post-PSADT of <24 months. These results suggest that patients with longer preoperative PSADTs appeared to have a favorable pathological result and a higher PSA non-recurrence rate compared with those with shorter preoperative PSADTs. A longer postoperative PSADT may facilitate the observation of patients with PSA recurrence without immediate secondary treatments.