Outcome of second kidney transplantation in patients with previous post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma: A French retrospective study.

This retrospective study concerned 8 patients with post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma (pt-KS) after a first kidney transplant who later had a second kidney transplantation. Pt-KS was widespread, with lymph node or visceral involvement in 7 cases. Complete remission was observed in 6 cases and partial remission in 2. After the second kidney transplantation, only 2 cases showed recurrence of skin KS, one with previous complete remission of KS and one with partial remission. The mean delay between stability or complete remission of KS and retransplantation was 2.0 and 7.3 years in patients with and without relapse, respectively. Both recurrent cases showed complete KS remission after tapering immunosuppression therapy and/or switching a calcineurin inhibitor to a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. We compared these 8 cases to 24 controls who had undergone 2 kidney transplantations but did not have KS, matching on sex, age and phototype. Cases and controls did not differ in graft function or survival. A second kidney transplantation may be possible after pt-KS and has acceptable risk, especially after a long complete remission of pt-KS.