Clinical peri-implant parameters and inflammatory cytokine profile among smokers of cigarette, e-cigarette, and waterpipe.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res
; 20(6): 1016-1021, 2018 Dec.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30209875
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
To date, there has been no study identified that assessed peri-implant parameters and local levels of proinflammatory cytokines between waterpipe smokers (WS) and electronic cigarette users (VS). To evaluate the true effect of the risk indicator (WS and VS), a positive control (cigarette smokers [CS]) was added in the study design.PURPOSE:
To compare clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine profile in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) among CS, WS, VS, and nonsmokers (NS). MATERIALS ANDMETHODS:
Forty CS, WS, VS, and NS were included. Details regarding demographics, duration of implants, and habits were recorded. Clinical examination for periodontal and peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD ≥ 4 mm) were assessed. Radiographic bone loss (RBL) was assessed using digital periapical radiographs and viewed on a calibrated computer screen using an image analyzer. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1ß in PISF were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:
Mean peri-implant PI (P < .05), PD ≥ 4 mm (P < .05), and total RBL (P < .01) was significantly higher among CS, WS, and VS compared with NS. Statistical differences in BOP were observed in NS (P < .01) compared to CS, WS, and VS. CS and WS showed significantly higher PD ≥ 4 mm and RBL compared with VS (P < .05). Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß were significantly higher in CS, WS, and VS compared to NS. There were no statistical differences in the mean levels of all proinflammatory cytokines among individuals in CS and WS.CONCLUSION:
Tobacco smoking is associated with poor peri-implant health. The effect of waterpipe smoking was of largely the same extent as that of cigarette smoking. Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in tobacco smokers may propose increased peri-implant inflammatory process which could play a principal role in the progression of peri-implant tissue damage.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Implantes Dentários
/
Citocinas
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Placa Dentária
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Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina
/
Fumar Cachimbo de Água
/
Fumar Cigarros
/
Fumantes
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article