Differential responses between a vector species Bemisia tabaci and a nonvector species Trialeurodes vaporariorum following ingestion of tomato yellow leaf curl virus.

ABSTRACT

In transmitting plant viruses, insect vectors undergo physiological and behavioral alterations. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), causing severe damages to various horticultural crop plants. To determine whether whitefly alteration is specific to vector species, the responses to TYLCV ingestion were compared between B. tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, a nonvector for TYLCV. The two species were reared on TYLCV-infected and noninfected tomato, a host of TYLCV, and their longevity and fecundity were determined while rearing in either tomato or eggplant, a nonhost of TYLCV. TYLCV-ingested B. tabaci increased their developmental rates but reduced fecundity when they were reared in either tomato or eggplant compared with those of TYLCV-free ones. In contrast, TYLCV-ingested T. vaporariorum did not show any of the aforementioned changes when reared on both plant species. In addition, TYLCV-ingested B. tabaci increased their levels of three heat shock protein genes ( hsp20, hsp70, and hsp90) against thermal stress, whereas TYLCV-ingested T. vaporariorum did not. The presence of TYLCV virions was identified in two colonies of both species via polymerase chain reaction analysis. TYLCV was detected in the whole body, saliva, and eggs of B. tabaci, while TYLCV was detected only in the whole body but not in the saliva and eggs of T. vaporariorum. The present results strongly indicated that TYLCV specifically manipulate physiological processes of the vector species, B. tabaci.