Body distribution of toxic peptides in larvae of a pergid and an argid sawfly species.

ABSTRACT

Larvae of most Pergidae and Argidae (Symphyta Tenthredinoidea) species contain toxic peptides such as pergidin and lophyrotomin. Here, larval hemolymph and organs of the pergid Lophyrotoma zonalis and the argid Arge pagana were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The major identified peptides were pergidin and 4-valinepergidin in L. zonalis, whereas pergidin and lophyrotomin in A. pagana. The storage period prior to chemical analysis was longer for the samples of the pergid than the argid species, which influenced peptide concentrations. In both species, however, the peptides occurred in decreasing order of concentration, first in the hemolymph, then in the integument, while minor amounts of the peptides were detected in other organs such as gut and fat body. By separating the cuticle of the pergid from the remaining integument, the peptides were found in equivalent amounts in each of these two body structures. The results suggest that the peptides play an important role in the defence of these sawfly larvae against predators.