Economic Evaluation of a Sun Protection Promotion Program in California Elementary Schools.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: An economic evaluation of Sun Safe Schools intervention designed to aid California elementary schools with implementing sun safety practices consistent with local board-approved policy. DESIGN: Program cost analysis: intervention delivery and practice implementation. SETTING: California elementary schools (58 interventions and 60 controls). Principals at 52 intervention and 53 control schools provided complete implementation data. PARTICIPANTS: Principals completing pre-/postintervention surveys assessing practice implementation. INTERVENTION Phone-based 45-minute session with a project coach on practice implementation, follow-up e-mails/phone contacts, $500 mini-grant. Schools chose from a list of 10 practices for implementation ultraviolet monitoring, clothing, hats, and/or sunscreen recommendations, outdoor shade, class education, staff training and/or modeling, parent outreach, and resource allocation. The duration of intervention was 20 months. Rolling recruitment/intervention February 2014 to December 2017. MEASURES: Intervention delivery and practice implementation costs. Correlations of school demographics and administrator beliefs with costs. ANALYSIS: Intervention delivery activities micro-costed. Implemented practices assessed using costing template. RESULTS: Intervention schools 234 implemented practices, control schools 157. Twenty-month delivery costs $29 310; $16 653 (per school $320) for project staff, mostly mini-grants and coaching time. Administrator costs $12 657 (per school $243). Per-student delivery costs $1.01. Costs of implemented practices $641 843 for intervention schools (per-school mean $12 343, median $6 969); $496 365 for controls (per-school mean $9365, median $3123). Delivery costs correlated with implemented practices (0.37, P < .01) and total practice costs (0.37, P < .05). Implemented practices correlated with principal beliefs about the importance of skin cancer prevention to student health (0.46, P < .001) and parents (0.45, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Coaching of elementary school personnel can stimulate sun safety practice implementation at a reasonable cost. Findings can assist schools in implementing appropriate sun safety practices.