SEC hyphenated to a multielement-specific detector unravels the degradation pathway of a bimetallic anticancer complex in human plasma.

ABSTRACT

The bimetallic metal complex Titanocref exhibits relevant anticancer activity, but it is unknown if it is stable to reach target tissues intact. To gain insight, a pharmacologically relevant dose was added to human blood plasma and the mixture was incubated at 37 °C. The obtained mixture was analyzed 5 and 60 min later by size-exclusion chromatography hyphenated to an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (SEC-ICP-AES). We simultaneously detected several titanium (Ti), gold (Au) and sulfur (S)-peaks, which corresponded to a Ti degradation product that eluted partially, and a Au degradation product that eluted entirely bound to plasma proteins (both time points). Although ~70% of the intact Titanocref was retained on the column after 60 min, our results allowed us to establish - for the first time - its likely degradation pathway in human plasma at near physiological conditions. These results suggest that ~70% of Titanocref remain in plasma after 60 min, which supports results from a recent in vivo study in which mice were treated with Titanocref and revealed TiAu molar ratios in tumors and organs close to 11. Thus, our stability studies suggest that the intact drug is able to reach target tissue. Overall, our results exemplify that SEC-ICP-AES enables the execution of intermediate in vitro studies with human plasma in the context of advancing bimetallic metal-based drugs to more costly clinical studies.