Determination of eleven small selenium species in human urine by chromatographic-coupled ICP-MS methods.

BACKGROUND: The determination of various selenium species in urine enables a specific biomonitoring of the exposure to different selenium compounds. METHODS: For this task a coupling of three chromatographic techniques with ICP-MS was developed for the separate quantification of eleven species in urine. The first procedure was based on reverse phase chromatography and was designed for the separate determination of methyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-seleno-b-d-galactopyranoside (SeSug1), methyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-seleno-b-d-glucopyranoside (SeSug2), selenomethionine (SeMet), methylselenocysteine (MeSeC), seleno-D,L-ethionine (SeEt), methylselenic acid (MeSeA) and methylselenoglutathione (MeSeG); the second procedure was based on anion exchange chromatography and measured selenate (Se (VI)) and selenite (Se (IV)); the third procedure was based on cationic exchange chromatography and determined methyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-1-seleno-b-d-galactopyranoside (SeSug3) and the trimethylselenium ion (TMSe). A fourth method for the more sensitive determination of TMSe was upgraded by an on-line after-column reaction process. RESULTS: The validation of the methods yielded sensitive detection limits of the species between 0.03 and 0.10 µg Se/L. For TMSe a detection limit of 0.02 µg Se/L resulted by the fourth method. An intra-day precision of 2.7-10.6% and a relative recovery between 87 % and 108 % confirm the robustness of the methods. CONCLUSION: The developed procedures enable a separate and sensitive determination of eleven selenium species in urine and thus permit the exploring of metabolic factors in the general population and particularly exposed individuals.