The selected epigenetic effects of aminomethylphosphonic acid, a primary metabolite of glyphosate on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro).

Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is a primary metabolite of glyphosate and amino-polyphosphonate. We have determined the effect of AMPA on selected epigenetic parameters and major cell cycle drivers in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cells were incubated with AMPA at 0.5, 10 and 250 µM for 24 h. The performed analysis included: global DNA methylation by colorimetric measurement of 5-methylcytosine in DNA, methylation in the promoter regions of selected tumor suppressor genes (P16, P21, TP53) and proto-oncogenes (BCL2, CCND1) as well as the expression profile of the indicated genes by Real-Time PCR assays. The obtained results have revealed significant reduction of global DNA methylation level in PBMCs exposed to AMPA. Investigated xenobiotic changed methylation pattern of the P21 and TP53 suppressor gene promoters, but in case of other analyzed genes: P16, BCL2 and CCND1 no statistically significant changes have been noted. Gene profiling have shown that AMPA only changed the expression of CCND1. Summing up, our results have revealed a small potential disturbance in methylation processes and the absence of changes in expression of tested tumor suppressor genes (P16, P21, TP53) and protooncogenes (BCL2) in human PBMCs exposed to AMPA.