Reduced risk of prostate cancer in a cohort of Lithuanian diabetes mellitus patients.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, a huge interest was devoted to the type-2 diabetes mellitus and their associations with prostate cancer development. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether type 2 diabetes mellitus and treatment with metformin is associated with prostate cancer risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort was composed of diabetic male patients identified in the National Health Insurance Fund database during 2000-2016 and cancer cases in national Cancer Registry. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for prostate cancers as a ratio of observed number of cancer case in people with diagnosis of diabetes to the expected number of cancer cases in the underlying general population. RESULTS: 2754 prostate cancers were observed versus 3111.26 expected within the period of observation entailing an SIR of 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.92). Significantly lower risk of prostate cancer was found in diabetes patients in all age groups, also was in metformin-users and never-users' groups, with higher risk reduction in metformin-users (SIR 0.71, 95% CI 0.68-0.75) than in diabetes patients never-users (SIR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.96). CONCLUSION: In this large population-based study, we found a significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer among men with diabetes and metformin-users.