PET study of ocular and blood pharmacokinetics of intravitreal bevacizumab and aflibercept in rats.

ABSTRACT

Intravitreal injections are the standard procedure in the treatment of retinal pathologies, such as the administration of the anti-VEGF antibodies in age-related macular degeneration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intraocular and blood pharmacokinetics after an intravitreal injection of 89Zr-labelled bevacizumab and 89Zr-labelled aflibercept in Sprague-Dawley rats using Positron Emission Tomography. First, both antibodies were radiolabelled to zirconium-89 with a maximum specific activity of 15 Mbq/mg for bevacizumab and 10 Mbq/mg for aflibercept. Four µL containing 1-1.2 Mq of 89Zr-labelled compound were injected into the vitreous through a 35 G needle. A microPET acquisition was carried out immediately after the injection and at different time points through a 12-day study and blood samples were obtained through the tail vein. Radiolabelling was successfully performed with a radiochemical purity after ultrafiltration above 95% for both agents. Both antibodies ocular curves followed a two-compartment model in which an intraocular elimination half-life of 16.44 h was found for 89Zr-bevacizumab and 4.51 h for 89Zr-aflibercept, considering the alpha phase as the elimination phase. Regarding the beta phase, a half-life of 3.23 days for 89Zr-bevacizumab and 4.69 days for 89Zr-aflibercept were observed. With regards to blood concentration, 89Zr-bevacizumab showed a blood half-life of 7.08 days, whereas 89Zr-aflibercept's was 3.18 days, by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption kinetics. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time the ocular and blood pharmacokinetic analysis after intravitreal injection of aflibercept and bevacizumab in rats.