Elevation of cytomegalovirus antigenemia predicts serious infection and death in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies for autoimmune diseases.

ABSTRACT

AIM: We examined the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and serious infections. METHOD: We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review study with 43 autoimmune disease patients experiencing CMV reactivation. We investigated the risk factors for serious infections among the patients using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We identified that the maximum count of CMV antigenemia during the course of infection (CMV Ag MAX) was significantly associated with serious infection by multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio 1.509; 95% confidence interval 1.071-2.125). The receiver operating characteristic curve of CMV Ag MAX count showed a predictive value for serious infections (76.9% in sensitivity and 93.3% in specificity) and death (83.3% in sensitivity and 91.9% in specificity), and the cut-off count of serious infections and death was 6 and 10 per 105 white blood cell count, respectively. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the counts of CMV Ag MAX can reflect the extent of compromise in the immune system, and can be a predictive marker for serious infections and death.