MIP image derived from abbreviated breast MRI: potential to reduce unnecessary sub-nipple biopsies during nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of a maximum-intensity projection (MIP) image derived from abbreviated breast MRI for excluding occult nipple-areolar complex (NAC) involvement in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: This prospective study included breast cancer patients with clinically normal NACs between April 2016 and May 2019. Abbreviated breast MRI was performed, and an MIP image was generated for each patient. MIP images were examined for the following features asymmetric nipple enhancement, tumor-nipple distance (TND), tumor diameter, lesion type, location, and multifocality. Independent predictive MIP features for occult NAC involvement were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Models based on independent predictive MIP features were developed, and their diagnostic performances were evaluated using ROC analysis. The utility of an MIP image for excluding occult NAC involvement was assessed by considering NPVs across patient subgroups. RESULTS: Eight hundred forty-three patients (67 NAC-positive and 776 NAC-negative) were enrolled. On MIP images, asymmetric nipple enhancement (odds ratio, 6.098; p < 0.001) and TND (odds ratio, 0.564; p = 0.003) were independent predictors of occult NAC involvement. A parallel test model of "asymmetric nipple enhancement or TND ≤ 15 mm" yielded the highest AUC value (0.838) among prediction models. The NPV of MIP images for excluding occult NAC involvement was 99.5%, which was applicable across various patient subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: A single MIP image derived from abbreviated breast MRI has utility for excluding occult NAC involvement in breast cancer patients and reducing the number of unnecessary sub-nipple biopsies in nipple-sparing mastectomy. KEY POINTS • On MIP images derived from abbreviated breast MRI, asymmetric nipple enhancement and tumor-nipple distance were independent predictors for occult nipple involvement in patients with breast cancer. • Negative findings on MIP image can help select patients at minimal risk of occult nipple involvement, for whom unnecessary intraoperative sub-nipple biopsies in nipple-sparing mastectomy can be omitted.