Improving Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy for Localized Bladder Cancer.
Int J Mol Sci
; 22(6)2021 Mar 10.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33802033
ABSTRACT
In high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC), patient outcome is negatively affected by lack of response to Bacillus-Calmette Guérin (BCG) treatment. Lack of response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cisplatin ineligibility reduces successful treatment outcomes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. The effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in metastatic disease has stimulated its evaluation as a treatment option in HR-NMIBC and MIBC patients. However, the observed responses, immune-related adverse events and high costs associated with ICI have provided impetus for the development of methods to improve patient stratification, enhance anti-tumorigenic effects and reduce toxicity. Here, we review the challenges and opportunities offered by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in HR-NMIBC and MIBC. We highlight the gaps in the field that need to be addressed to improve patient outcome including biomarkers for response stratification and potentially synergistic combination therapy regimens with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Contexto em Saúde:
6_ODS3_enfermedades_notrasmisibles
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Bexiga Urinária
/
Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária
/
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados
/
Antígeno B7-H1
/
Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Mol Sci
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article