Mechanistically Guided Workflow for Relating Complex Reactive Site Topologies to Catalyst Performance in C-H Functionalization Reactions.
J Am Chem Soc
; 144(4): 1881-1898, 2022 02 02.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35073072
ABSTRACT
Leveraging congested catalyst scaffolds has emerged as a key strategy for altering innate substrate site-selectivity profiles in C-H functionalization reactions. Similar to enzyme active sites, optimal small molecule catalysts often feature reactive cavities tailored for controlling substrate approach trajectories. However, relating three-dimensional catalyst shape to reaction output remains a formidable challenge, in part due to the lack of molecular features capable of succinctly describing complex reactive site topologies in terms of numerical inputs for machine learning applications. Herein, we present a new set of descriptors, "Spatial Molding for Approachable Rigid Targets" (SMART), which we have applied to quantify reactive site spatial constraints for an expansive library of dirhodium catalysts and to predict site-selectivity for C-H functionalization of 1-bromo-4-pentylbenzene via donor/acceptor carbene intermediates. Optimal site-selectivity for the terminal methylene position was obtained with Rh2(S-2-Cl-5-MesTPCP)4 (30.91 rr, 141 dr, 87% ee), while C-H functionalization at the electronically activated benzylic site was increasingly favored for Rh2(TPCP)4 catalysts lacking an ortho-Cl, Rh2(S-PTAD)4, and Rh2(S-TCPTAD)4, respectively. Intuitive global site-selectivity models for 25 disparate dirhodium catalysts were developed via multivariate linear regression to explicitly assess the contributing roles of steric congestion and dirhodium-carbene electrophilicity in controlling the site of C-H functionalization. The workflow utilizes spatial classification to extract descriptors only for reactive catalyst conformers, a nuance that may be widely applicable for establishing close correspondence between ground-state model systems and transition states. Broader still, SMART descriptors are amenable for delineating salient reactive site features to predict reactivity in other chemical and biological contexts.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Ródio
/
Complexos de Coordenação
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Am Chem Soc
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article