Long-term diet and risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity.
Am J Clin Nutr
; 116(6): 1672-1681, 2022 12 19.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35945354
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The role of diet on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is emerging. We investigated the association between usual diet before the onset of the pandemic and risk and severity of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection.METHODS:
We included 42,935 participants aged 55-99 y in 2 ongoing cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study II and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, who completed a series of COVID-19 surveys in 2020 and 2021. Using data from FFQs before COVID-19, we assessed diet quality using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, the alternative Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score, an Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), and an Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP). We calculated multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severity of COVID-19 after controlling for demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors.RESULTS:
Among 19,754 participants tested for SARS-CoV-2, 1941 participants reported a positive result. Of these, 1327 reported symptoms needing assistance and another 109 were hospitalized. Healthier diets, represented by higher AHEI-2010 and AMED scores and lower EDIH and EDIP scores, were associated with lower likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.69, 0.92 for AHEI-2010; OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.67, 0.92 for AMED; OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.16, 1.57 for EDIH; and OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.99, 1.30 for EDIP; all P-trend ≤ 0.01). In the analysis of COVID-19 severity, participants with healthier diet had lower likelihood of severe infection and were less likely to be hospitalized owing to COVID-19. However, associations were no longer significant after controlling for BMI and pre-existing medical conditions.CONCLUSIONS:
Diet may be an important modifiable risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as for severity of COVID-19. This association is partially mediated by BMI and pre-existing medical conditions.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Contexto em Saúde:
2_ODS3
/
4_TD
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Dieta Mediterrânea
/
COVID-19
/
Hiperinsulinismo
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Am J Clin Nutr
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article