Formal Neuropsychological Testing: Test Batteries, Interpretation, and Added Value in Practice.

Neuropsychologists evaluate patients for cognitive decline and dementia, using validated psychometric tests, along with behavioral observation, record review, clinical interview, and information about psychological functioning, to evaluate brain-behavior relationships and aid in differential diagnosis and treatment planning. Also considered are premorbid functioning, education, sex, socioeconomic status, primary language, culture, and race-related health disparities when selecting tests, interpreting performance, and providing a diagnostic impression. Neuropsychologists provide diagnostic clarity, explain symptoms and likely disease course to patients and family members, and assist the family with future planning, behavioral management strategies, and ways to mitigate caregiver burden.