Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of fenugreek flavonoids and its geographical-based comparative evaluation using green UHPLC-DAD analysis.
Ultrason Sonochem
; 95: 106382, 2023 May.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37031535
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
This study, for the first time, reports a simultaneous determination of flavonoids; rutin (RT), quercetin (QT), luteolin (LT), and kaempferol (KF) in different origins of fenugreek seeds samples (Nâ¯=â¯45) using a green UHPLC-DAD analysisMETHODOLOGY:
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to extract fenugreek flavonoids using different polarity solvents of n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM), and methanol (MeOH)RESULTS:
The extract yield on an individual basis was observed in the range of 1.03-17.29â¯mg, with the highest yield (mg/sample) for the Egyptian sample (17.29â¯mg). The highest total extract yield (mg/origin) was observed for the Iranian sample (82.28⯱â¯5.38). The solvent with the highest extract yield (mg) was n-hex 169.35⯱â¯13.47, followed by MeOH 114.39⯱â¯12.27. The validated green UHPLC-DAD method resulted in a short runtime (9â¯min) with an accuracy of 97.86(±12.32)-101.37(±5.91), r2-valuesâ¯=â¯0.993-0.999, LODâ¯=â¯2.09-4.48â¯ppm, and LOQâ¯=â¯6.33-13.57â¯ppm for flavonoids analysis within the linearity range of 1-500â¯ppm. The general yield for flavonoids exhibited a descending order (ppm) RT (2924.55⯱â¯143.84)â¯>â¯QT (457.05⯱â¯34.07)â¯>â¯LT (82.37⯱â¯3.27)â¯>â¯KF (4.54⯱â¯0.00). The yield (ppm) for the flavonoids was more in MeOH solvent (3424.81⯱â¯235.44) constructing a descending order of MeOHâ¯>â¯n-hexâ¯>â¯DCM. For an individual flavonoid yield; MeOH was seen with an order of RTâ¯>â¯QTâ¯>â¯LT, n-hex (LTâ¯>â¯QT), and DCM (RTâ¯>â¯LTâ¯>â¯QT). The statistical analysis of PCA (principle component analysis) revealed a widespread distribution of flavonoids in fenugreek seeds with a variance of 35.93% (PC1). Moreover, flavonoids extraction was prone to the nature and specificity of the solvent used (PC2 33.34%) rather than the amount of the extract yield (Pâ¯=â¯0.00). The K-mean cluster analysis showed the origins with higher flavonoids yield in appropriate solvent as I3M (Indian accession # 3 MeOH extract) with more QT amount, IR2M (Iranian accession # 2 MeOH extract) with more LT amount along with I2M (Indian accession # 2 MeOH extract) and Q2M (Qassim Saudi Arabia accession # 2 MeOH extract) containing high amount of RT. The outcomes are supported by KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and Bartlett's test value of 0.56 with X2-value of 191.87 (Pâ¯=â¯0.00)CONCLUSION:
The samples were effectively evaluated and standardized in terms of flavonoid amount suggesting a significant variation in fenugreek quality.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Flavonoides
/
Trigonella
País/Região como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Ultrason Sonochem
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article