Understanding cancer etiology: A review of the evidence-based Ayurvedic framework of cancer etiologies.

ABSTRACT

Background of the Study As many as 10 million people have died from cancer globally in 2020, making it the top cause of mortality in the globe. Cancer develops as a result of the multi-stage process by which normal cells convert into tumor cells, progressing from a precancerous lesion to a malignant tumor. By avoiding risk factors and applying existing evidence-based preventative techniques, 30%-50% of malignancies may be averted. In order to avoid cancer, it is essential to know the specific causes of the disease. Nidanas, or etiologies, are well-described in Ayurvedic science. Here, the causes of cancer have been outlined so that the knowledge may be used effectively to avoid the disease. Aims: Identification of cancer etiologies that have been described in classics. Evidence-based understanding of these etiologies and to comprehend the significance of etiologies in cancer prevention. Materials and methods: A thorough evaluation of literature, including ancient Ayurvedic classics, modern medical texts, and articles published in reputable journals, was conducted to meet the study's goals and objectives. Results: According to Ayurveda, there are three distinct phases of tumorigenesis chronic inflammation, precancerous development, Granthi (a benign glandular swelli ng), and Arbuda (a precancerous tumor) (definite malignancy). A growing body of evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment, which is predominantly controlled by inflammatory cells, is an essential player in the neoplastic process. Conclusion: Although inflammation is coming into the picture just now in the contemporary world, Ayurveda has described this as a leading cause 5000 years back. It is evident that diet and lifestyle play a crucial role in the etiology of Shoth (inflammation).