Chromosome-level genome assembly of Korean native cattle and pangenome graph of 14 Bos taurus assemblies.

This study presents the first chromosome-level genome assembly of Hanwoo, an indigenous Korean breed of Bos taurus taurus. This is the first genome assembly of Asian taurus breed. Also, we constructed a pangenome graph of 14 B. taurus genome assemblies. The contig N50 was over 55 Mb, the scaffold N50 was over 89 Mb and a genome completeness of 95.8%, as estimated by BUSCO using the mammalian set, indicated a high-quality assembly. 48.7% of the genome comprised various repetitive elements, including DNAs, tandem repeats, long interspersed nuclear elements, and simple repeats. A total of 27,314 protein-coding genes were identified, including 25,302 proteins with inferred gene names and 2,012 unknown proteins. The pangenome graph of 14 B. taurus autosomes revealed 528.47 Mb non-reference regions in total and 61.87 Mb Hanwoo-specific regions. Our Hanwoo assembly and pangenome graph provide valuable resources for studying B. taurus populations.