Impact of pH on physicochemical properties of corn starch by dry heat treatment.

This study investigated the effects of temperature, pH, and starch genotype on starch characteristics after dry heat treatment (DHT). DHT starches were prepared according to 19 DHT conditions, constructed using a D-optimal design, and analyzed with respect to apparent amylose (AAM) content, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, relative crystallinity (RC), solubility and swelling power (SP), thermal properties, and pasting viscosity. The DHT starches maintained their granular structures even after DHT at pH 3, although there was some damage to their granular surfaces. The DHT starches showed lower amylose content, RC, SP, gelatinization temperature and enthalpy, degree of retrogradation, and pasting viscosity, but higher solubility, compared to those of native starches. These DHT effects were more pronounced as pH decreased at each temperature, regardless of the starch genotype. Overall, DHT can be used to expand the physical functionality of high-amylose and highly crystallized starches with poor properties. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01353-7.