Characterisation of saponins from Hedera nepalensis in Vietnam northwest mountainous areas with the aid of high-resolution mass spectrometry.

ABSTRACT

This research aims to explore the saponins composition of H. nepalensis in four northwest mountainous areas of Vietnam including Ha Giang, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, and Lang Son with the aid of high-resolution mass spectrometry. As a result, 42 saponins are successfully identified in H. nepalensis leaves by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analyses, in which two 30-noroleanane and four oleanane triterpene saponins structures have been reported for the first time. Two structures of compound 20 were discovered in four samples. Two structures of compound 8 were found in H. nepalensis from Ha Giang and Lao Cai, while two structures of compound 28 were not observed in Lang Son. Different environmental and climatic circumstances in various places may have an impact on chemical constituents of H. nepalensis. By providing the phytochemicals profile of H. nepalensis leaves, our study supports the orientation for future research on this medicinal plant as well as other Hedera species.