Design Considerations for a Multidisciplinary Approach to Provide Policy Recommendations on Gender-Integrated Recruit Training in the Marine Corps.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Recruit training is designed to transform civilians into physically fit military service members, who embody their service's core values and possess military discipline and skills. At the time this research began, the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) remained the only service that segregated recruits by gender at the lowest unit level (e.g., platoon) and employed gender-segregated drill instructor teams. USMC's Marine Corps Recruit Depots (MCRD) must comply with a 2020 Congressional Mandate to not segregate training by gender in Parris Island by 2025 and San Diego by 2028. In turn, USMC requested an independent scientific study to analyze current approaches to gender integration at recruit training to propose alternate models and other policy recommendations that increase gender integration while maintaining current USMC standards. The Marine Corps is currently evaluating alternate models and recommendations to optimize entry-level training. This article outlines considerations for choosing the optimal research study design, research methods, and types of data collected in a study intended to provide policy recommendations on gender-integrated recruit training for the USMC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Research data were collected during visits to the MCRDs and selected recruit training locations for the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Coast Guard. Data collection on USMC recruits from three cohorts involved social science assessments (focus groups and surveys) and human performance testing (countermovement jumps and isometric mid-thigh pulls, sleep and activity wearables, and cortisol data) at multiple points in the training cycle. Data on recruits from the sister services were limited to social science assessments. Approximately 600 recruits between the two MCRDs and 160 recruits from the sister services participated in the study during a 7-month timeframe in 2021. The research team conducted extensive ethnographic observations of recruit training at all selected research sites and interviewed training cadre, drill instructors, and service leadership responsible for recruit training (∼90 interviews). Additionally, the research team interviewed 20 experts on gender integration or recruit training who possessed alternate viewpoints from the current USMC practice. RESULTS: The mixed methods study was designed to assess the current gender integration practices at recruit training across the services to generate alternative models of gender integration for USMC. The research team developed a set of multidisciplinary objectives and research questions serving as the foundation of the research study design and data collection process. The study was designed to collect qualitative, quantitative, and administrative data informed by social science and human performance disciplines. To ensure that all aspects and implications relevant to gender integration were considered, select data were collected across services and with stakeholders at all levels. CONCLUSIONS: This multidisciplinary research approach provided a comprehensive picture of the current USMC recruit training models. The research team captured multiple perspectives and data points for analysis through an expansive view on gender integration across all services, by interacting with participants at all levels of the institutions in varied ways. The information and data gathered enabled the research team to establish objective, data-driven alternate models, and recommendations for enhancing gender integration at recruit training for the USMC.