Conjugated microporous polymer for solid-phase extraction of neonicotinoid insecticides from environmental water samples.

ABSTRACT

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have unique characteristics and have been used in a range of fascinating applications in separation sciences. In this study, a CMP, designated as CMP-1, was synthesized via the Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction using 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and 1,4-dibromobenzene as building blocks. CMP-1 features a large surface area, abundant micropore structures, and excellent stability, making it a promising solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the efficient enrichment of neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs). Under the optimized conditions, CMP-1 was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection to enable the detection of NEOs with a wide linear range (0.5-200 µg·L-1), a low detection limit (0.26-0.58 µg·L-1), and acceptable precision. The developed method was applied to determine spiked NEOs in three types of environmental water samples, with recoveries of 73.7%-112.0% and relative standard deviations of 0.6%-9.4%.