Multiorgan transplant for therapy-associated lung and liver failure in a patient with stage III lung cancer.

ABSTRACT

Immunotherapy can significantly improve efficacy of cancer treatments. For locally advanced stage III lung cancers, chemoimmunotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting can achieve complete pathological response in about 40% of cases. However, optimal cancer response in patients receiving immunotherapy is sometimes associated with potentially fatal bystander injury to lung and liver. We report a successful combined double lung and liver transplantation for immunotherapy-associated respiratory failure and cirrhosis in a patient with advanced lung cancer. A 68-year-old male with stage IIIA squamous cell lung cancer, encountered severe interstitial pneumonitis and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver following systemic anti-cancer therapy that included immunotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. These adverse events culminated in fulminant end-stage pulmonary fibrosis and cirrhosis, that was treated with simultaneous lung and liver transplantation, complete resection of lung cancer and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. The patient demonstrated promising early outcomes without recurrence of cancer at 12 months. Given that oncologic treatments can induce irreversible solid organ failure despite cancer control, our report suggests that in carefully selected patients without systemic metastasis and in whom complete resection of residual cancer can be performed, organ transplantation can be life-saving.