Soil insects associated with sugarcane crop in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Insetos de solo associados à cultura de cana-de-açúcar em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Pest insects are one of the major factors affecting the productivity of sugarcane, and especially those associated with the soil, which damage the crop if not controlled. There is little information on the insect associated with the soil in the sugarcane crop in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This study evaluated the occurrence, abundance and population variation of soil-associated insects in sugarcane crops in four counties in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul during a period from September 2009 to August 2010. For the capture of insects, deep in the soil trenches were (50 x 50 x 30 width x length x depth). It was observed that county of Maracaju has a high incidence of soil insects in sugarcane crop. Specimens of the family Scarabaeidae are abundant in sugarcane fields of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, being Liogenys suturalis the predominant species. Soil insects of the Chrysomelidae family were found with greater abundance in Dourados and Naviraí while Noctuidae, represented only by the Hyponeuma taltula, occurred mainly in Dourados. Insects of the family Termitidae occur in sugarcane fields in the counties of Maracaju and Naviraí but not in Nova Alvorada do Sul and Dourados. Sphenophorus levis and Metamasius hemipterus were alsoreported in the sugarcane fields from Maracaju, being the occurrence these species the first record in the Mato Grosso do Sul State. The determined occurrence of different soil insects in the sugarcane fields may help in their management in the four counties studied.

Os insetos-praga são um dos principais fatores que afetam a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar e, principalmente, aqueles associados ao solo, que prejudicam a cultura se não forem controlados. Existem poucas informações sobre a fauna de insetos associada ao solo na cultura da cana-de-açúcar no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência, abundância e variação populacional de insetos associados ao solo em lavouras de cana-de-açúcar em quatro municípios do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul durante o período de setembro de 2009 a agosto de 2010. Para a captura de insetos, foram feitas trincheiras (50 cm x 50 cm x 30 cm - largura x comprimento x profundidade) no solo. Observou-se que o município de Maracaju apresenta alta incidência de insetos de solo na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Exemplares da família Scarabaeidae são abundantes nos canaviais do MS, sendo Liogenys suturalis a espécie predominante. Insetos de solo da família Chrysomelidae foram encontrados com maior abundância em Dourados e Naviraí enquanto Noctuidae, representado apenas por Hyponeuma taltula, ocorreu principalmente em Dourados. Insetos da família Termitidae ocorrem em canaviais nos municípios de Maracaju e Naviraí, mas não em Nova Alvorada do Sul e Dourados. Sphenophorus levis e Metamasius hemipterus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) também foram encontrados nos canaviais de Maracaju, sendo a ocorrência dessas espécies o primeiro registro no MS. A ocorrência determinada de diferentes insetos de solo nos canaviais auxiliará o manejo nos quatro municípios estudados.

First record of Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) as a potential sugarcane pest in Brazil

Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934, a white grub that promotes serious damage to a variety of crops in North America and Australia, has been reported for the first time in Brazil. Larvae and adults of P. aliena were recorded in sugarcane crops in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, sampled by trenches in the soil with light traps, respectively, during 2012 and 2013. Root consumption was also determined for the first, second and third instar larvae. The species is univoltine; adults were found mainly in Aug and the peak of third instar larval density was in Apr in all fields sampled. Pupae and adults of P. aliena were observed in the soil profile at depths of up to 60 and 80 cm, respectively. Larvae of P. aliena of the second and third instar consumed the primary and secondary roots of sugarcane, causing serious damage. Third instar larvae consumed 916 mg of root fresh matter, representing 72 % of the sugarcane root system. These results assist in furthering the understanding of its larval dynamics in the soil and provide support for Integrated Pest Management.

First record of Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) as a potential sugarcane pest in Brazil

Plectris alienaChapin, 1934, a white grub that promotes serious damage to a variety of crops in North America and Australia, has been reported for the first time in Brazil. Larvae and adults of P. aliena were recorded in sugarcane crops in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, sampled by trenches in the soil with light traps, respectively, during 2012 and 2013. Root consumption was also determined for the first, second and third instar larvae. The species is univoltine; adults were found mainly in Aug and the peak of third instar larval density was in Apr in all fields sampled. Pupae and adults of P. aliena were observed in the soil profile at depths of up to 60 and 80 cm, respectively. Larvae of P. aliena of the second and third instar consumed the primary and secondary roots of sugarcane, causing serious damage. Third instar larvae consumed 916 mg of root fresh matter, representing 72 % of the sugarcane root system. These results assist in furthering the understanding of its larval dynamics in the soil and provide support for Integrated Pest Management.

First record of Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) as a potential sugarcane pest in Brazil

ABSTRACT: Plectris alienaChapin, 1934, a white grub that promotes serious damage to a variety of crops in North America and Australia, has been reported for the first time in Brazil. Larvae and adults of P. aliena were recorded in sugarcane crops in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, sampled by trenches in the soil with light traps, respectively, during 2012 and 2013. Root consumption was also determined for the first, second and third instar larvae. The species is univoltine; adults were found mainly in Aug and the peak of third instar larval density was in Apr in all fields sampled. Pupae and adults of P. aliena were observed in the soil profile at depths of up to 60 and 80 cm, respectively. Larvae of P. aliena of the second and third instar consumed the primary and secondary roots of sugarcane, causing serious damage. Third instar larvae consumed 916 mg of root fresh matter, representing 72 % of the sugarcane root system. These results assist in furthering the understanding of its larval dynamics in the soil and provide support for Integrated Pest Management.

Biological and morphological aspects of Plectris aliena (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in sugarcane in Brazil

Abstract Plectris aliena (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) Chapin is a species already recorded causing serious damage to various cultures in North America and Australia. Although its occurrence has recently been reported in Brazil, information about its distribution, taxonomy, and biology is limited. Thus, this study aims to report this new occurrence of P. aliena in Deodápolis (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), as well as to present bioecological and morphological aspects of this species. In this way, the seasonal distribution and the life cycle was studied in the years 2017 and 2018. The larvae were sampled through trenches made in the soil and reared in the laboratory. Adults were captured using Luiz de Queiroz light traps. Adults have body with dense white hairs, antennae with 10 antenomeres; they measure approximately 12 mm in length, and their antennal lamellae are larger for males than females. The larvae reach 30 mm in length in the third stage and pupae show about 19 mm in length. The life cycle of this species is univoltine. Due to the great diversity of Plectris and the scarce information available about this species in South America, this study will facilitate its identification in the field and indicate the best time for monitoring in sugarcane crop.

Control of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using Chin-IA (I-A) isolate as integrate component of management in soybean crops / Controle de Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) usando o isolado Chin-IA (I-A) como componente do manejo integrado da cultura da soja

Chrysodeixis includens is an important pest of soybean crop who has gained more visibility in the Brazilian Cerrado due to damage caused in this region. Foliar consumption, feeding period and mortality level of soybean loopers in laboratory, as well as their control in the field conditions, were evaluated after application of the ChinNPV virus in soybean plants. In the laboratory, were tested six concentrations of isolate Chin-IA (I-A) (1 × 1011, 2 × 1011, 4 × 1011, 6 × 1011, 8 × 1011 and 10 × 1011 PIB ha-1), one dose of methomyl chemical insecticide (172 g ai ha-1) and distilled water (control). The field experiment was carried out in the 2016/2017 season using the same cultivar and laboratory treatments, except for the lowest virus concentration. The population density of small and large larvae was evaluated before and at 5, 8 and 12 days after application (DAA) of the treatments in soybean plants. All concentrations of the isolate Chin-IA (I-A) have reduced the soybean loopers consumption and their feeding period, showing 100% of mortality after 3 ­ 4 days without differing from treatment with the chemical insecticide. After eight DAA of virus in the field, the population density of small and large larvae was reduced, providing satisfactory levels of control. These results showed the evident potential of ChinNPV in the reduction of defoliation power and maintenance the soybean loopers population under of control level, and thus may be used as complementary method in the integrated management of this pest in soybean crops.(AU)

Chrysodeixis includens é uma importante praga da cultura da soja que tem ganhado maior visibilidade na região do Cerrado brasileiro em razão do dano causado. Consumo foliar, período de alimentação e mortalidade de lagartas falsa-medideira foram avaliados em laboratório, assim como seu controle em condições de campo, após a aplicação do vírus ChinNPV em plantas de soja. Em laboratório, foram testadas seis concentrações do isolado Chin-IA (I-A) (1 × 1011, 2 × 1011, 4 × 1011, 6 × 1011, 8 × 1011 e 10 × 1011 CIP ha-1), uma dose do inseticida químico metomil (172 g i.a ha-1) e água destilada (controle). O ensaio de campo foi realizado na safra 2016/2017 utilizando o mesmo cultivar e tratamentos do ensaio em laboratório, exceto para a menor concentração do vírus. A densidade populacional de lagartas pequenas e grandes foi avaliada antes (pré-contagem) e 5, 8 e 12 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos nas plantas de soja. Todas as concentrações do isolado Chin-IA (I-A) reduziram o consumo e o período de alimentação das lagartas falsa-medideira, mostrando 100% de mortalidade entre 3 ­ 4 dias, sem diferir do tratamento com o inseticida químico. Depois de oito dias após a aplicação do vírus no campo, a densidade populacional de lagartas pequenas e grandes foi reduzida, promovendo um controle satisfatório. Esses resultados mostram o evidente potencial de ChinNPV na redução do poder de desfolha, mantendo a população das lagartas falsa-medideira abaixo do nível de controle, e indicam o seu uso como um método complementar no manejo integrado dessa praga em culturas de soja.(AU)

Control of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using Chin-IA (I-A) isolate as integrate component of management in soybean crops / Controle de Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) usando o isolado Chin-IA (I-A) como componente do manejo integrado da cultura da soja

Chrysodeixis includens is an important pest of soybean crop who has gained more visibility in the Brazilian Cerrado due to damage caused in this region. Foliar consumption, feeding period and mortality level of soybean loopers in laboratory, as well as their control in the field conditions, were evaluated after application of the ChinNPV virus in soybean plants. In the laboratory, were tested six concentrations of isolate Chin-IA (I-A) (1 × 1011, 2 × 1011, 4 × 1011, 6 × 1011, 8 × 1011 and 10 × 1011 PIB ha-1), one dose of methomyl chemical insecticide (172 g ai ha-1) and distilled water (control). The field experiment was carried out in the 2016/2017 season using the same cultivar and laboratory treatments, except for the lowest virus concentration. The population density of small and large larvae was evaluated before and at 5, 8 and 12 days after application (DAA) of the treatments in soybean plants. All concentrations of the isolate Chin-IA (I-A) have reduced the soybean loopers consumption and their feeding period, showing 100% of mortality after 3 ­ 4 days without differing from treatment with the chemical insecticide. After eight DAA of virus in the field, the population density of small and large larvae was reduced, providing satisfactory levels of control. These results showed the evident potential of ChinNPV in the reduction of defoliation power and maintenance the soybean loopers population under of control level, and thus may be used as complementary method in the integrated management of this pest in soybean crops.(AU)

Chrysodeixis includens é uma importante praga da cultura da soja que tem ganhado maior visibilidade na região do Cerrado brasileiro em razão do dano causado. Consumo foliar, período de alimentação e mortalidade de lagartas falsa-medideira foram avaliados em laboratório, assim como seu controle em condições de campo, após a aplicação do vírus ChinNPV em plantas de soja. Em laboratório, foram testadas seis concentrações do isolado Chin-IA (I-A) (1 × 1011, 2 × 1011, 4 × 1011, 6 × 1011, 8 × 1011 e 10 × 1011 CIP ha-1), uma dose do inseticida químico metomil (172 g i.a ha-1) e água destilada (controle). O ensaio de campo foi realizado na safra 2016/2017 utilizando o mesmo cultivar e tratamentos do ensaio em laboratório, exceto para a menor concentração do vírus. A densidade populacional de lagartas pequenas e grandes foi avaliada antes (pré-contagem) e 5, 8 e 12 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos nas plantas de soja. Todas as concentrações do isolado Chin-IA (I-A) reduziram o consumo e o período de alimentação das lagartas falsa-medideira, mostrando 100% de mortalidade entre 3 ­ 4 dias, sem diferir do tratamento com o inseticida químico. Depois de oito dias após a aplicação do vírus no campo, a densidade populacional de lagartas pequenas e grandes foi reduzida, promovendo um controle satisfatório. Esses resultados mostram o evidente potencial de ChinNPV na redução do poder de desfolha, mantendo a população das lagartas falsa-medideira abaixo do nível de controle, e indicam o seu uso como um método complementar no manejo integrado dessa praga em culturas de soja.(AU)

Flutuação populacional da cigarrinha-do-milho em duas localidades do Mato Grosso do Sul / Population fluctuation of leafhopper of corn in two localities of Mato Grosso do Sul State

A cigarrinha-do-milho, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott, 1923) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), é considerada uma das pragas mais importantes da cultura por causar danos devido à sucção de seiva e pela transmissão de patógenos às plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a flutuação populacional de D. maidis em duas localidades do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cartões adesivos amarelos de dupla face (7 x 12cm) foram instalados, a cada quinze dias, em suportes de madeira a 0,50 e 1,50m acima do nível do solo, em áreas cultivadas com milho em Dourados e Ponta Porã, MS, permanecendo no campo por sete dias. O mesmo tipo de armadilha foi também instalado em uma área de gramado do município de Dourados, onde não se cultivava milho nas proximidades. Foram constatados dois picos populacionais da cigarrinha nas áreas de monitoramento, sendo um observado no período seco da entressafra de milho (julho a setembro) e outro no verão (dezembro a janeiro). As armadilhas adesivas instaladas na altura de 0,50m capturaram significativamente um maior número de cigarrinhas do que a 1,5m, considerando-se todas as amostragens realizadas nos dois anos.(AU)

The leafhopper of corn, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott, 1923) (Hemiptera: Cicadelidae), is considered one of the main corn pest due to its damage of sap suction and disease transmission to plants. This work had the aim to get information about population fluctuation of D. maidis in the Southern region of Mato Grosso do Sul State. Yellow stick cards of double side (7 by 12cm) were installed fortnightly on a wood frame of 0.5m and 1.5 above soil surface within areas cultivated with corn in Dourados and Ponta Porã, MS and stayed in the area for seven days. The same kind of traps was also installed in a grass-plot of Dourados, MS without corn crop nearby. Two peaks of leafhopper were observed being one during the dry period (the period without corn in the field - between July and September) and the other during summer (between December and January). Stick traps installed at 0.5m above soil surface did capture significantly more leafhopper than the ones installed at 1.5m if we consider all sampling carried out during the two years of study.(AU)