Resumo
The goals of this study were to evaluate if hemoglobin played a role as adjuvant in experimental peritonitis in horses and could cause clinical and haematological alterations that could be used for diagnosis and prognosis of cases of peritonitis. Fifteen adult horses were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, which were injected intraperitoneally with the following suspension: GI: 1x109 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% saline solution plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GII: 1x109 CFU of B. fragilis diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GIII: 1x109 CFU of E. coli in combination with 1x109 CFU of B. fragilis diluted in 500 ml of 0.9% of saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GIV: 500 mL of 0.9% saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin and GV: 500 mL of 0.9% saline. Leukopenia with neutropenia was observed in GI and GIII and a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen concentration occurred in horses of GI. There was a significant increase in total nucleated cell count in peritoneal fluid in horses of GI, GII, GIII and GIV. Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal wall sensibility and tension, diarrhoea, colic, and decreased borborygmi sounds were the most frequent clinical signs observed in horses of GI, GII, GIII and GIV. In conclusion, hemoglobin was able to cause chemical peritonitis in horses, it had an adjuvant effect when associated t
Resumo
This research investigated the humoral immune response in sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Ten healthy eight-months-old crossbred ewes were used. The animals were previously tested by fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and were serum negative for T. evansi. Four of them were kept as non-infected controls; three animals were experimentally infected by intravenous route with approximately 2.4 x 106 and the remaining three with 2.4 x 107 trypomastigotes of T. evansi. Serum samples of the experimentally T. evansi-infected and non-infected sheeps were obtained before inoculation and daily thereafter until 14 days post infection (DPI). Later, the serum samples were obtained weekly and biweekly until the 133rd and 253rd DPI, respectively. No clinical signs were observed. The immune responses started on the 14th DPI and progressive increases in antibodies levels were documented between the 30th and the 90th DPI. After this period the levels of antibodies remained high up to the end of the observation period. Sheeps experimentally infected with 2.4 x 107 trypomastigotes of T. evansi showed the highest IFAT values. KEY-WORDS: Trypanosoma evansi. Trypanosomiasis. Sheep. Immune response
A presente pesquisa objetivou estudar a resposta imunitária humoral de ovinos experimentalmente infectados com T.evansi. Para tal, foram utilizadas dez fêmeas, com idade aproximada de oito meses, com variado grau de mestiçagem, clinicamente sadias e sorologicamente negativas para a presença de anticorpos anti-T. evansi (Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta - RIFI). Desses dez animais, quatro foram utilizados como testemunhos (G3) e os seis restantes constituíram os grupos G1 e G2. As ovelhas do G1 e G2 foram inoculadas via intravenosa, com cerca de 2,4 x 106 e 2,4 x 107 tripomastigotas de T. evansi, respectivamente. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. evansi foi realizada diariamente até o 14º dia após as inoculações (DAI), semanalmente até 133º DAI e a cada 15 dias até o 253º DAI. O curso da doença foi assintomático e anticorpos anti-T. evansi foram identificados no soro dos ovinos inoculados a partir do 14º DAI. Títulos crescentes foram verificados entre o 30º e 90º DAI e, após esse período, mantiveram-se elevados até o final do período de observação. Os ovinos que receberam maior inóculo (G2) apresentaram em média maiores títulos de anticorpos anti-T. evansi.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Trypanosoma evansi. Tripanossomíase. Ovinos. Resposta imune.
Resumo
This research investigated the humoral immune response in sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Ten healthy eight-months-old crossbred ewes were used. The animals were previously tested by fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and were serum negative for T. evansi. Four of them were kept as non-infected controls; three animals were experimentally infected by intravenous route with approximately 2.4 x 106 and the remaining three with 2.4 x 107 trypomastigotes of T. evansi. Serum samples of the experimentally T. evansi-infected and non-infected sheeps were obtained before inoculation and daily thereafter until 14 days post infection (DPI). Later, the serum samples were obtained weekly and biweekly until the 133rd and 253rd DPI, respectively. No clinical signs were observed. The immune responses started on the 14th DPI and progressive increases in antibodies levels were documented between the 30th and the 90th DPI. After this period the levels of antibodies remained high up to the end of the observation period. Sheeps experimentally infected with 2.4 x 107 trypomastigotes of T. evansi showed the highest IFAT values. KEY-WORDS: Trypanosoma evansi. Trypanosomiasis. Sheep. Immune response
A presente pesquisa objetivou estudar a resposta imunitária humoral de ovinos experimentalmente infectados com T.evansi. Para tal, foram utilizadas dez fêmeas, com idade aproximada de oito meses, com variado grau de mestiçagem, clinicamente sadias e sorologicamente negativas para a presença de anticorpos anti-T. evansi (Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta - RIFI). Desses dez animais, quatro foram utilizados como testemunhos (G3) e os seis restantes constituíram os grupos G1 e G2. As ovelhas do G1 e G2 foram inoculadas via intravenosa, com cerca de 2,4 x 106 e 2,4 x 107 tripomastigotas de T. evansi, respectivamente. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. evansi foi realizada diariamente até o 14º dia após as inoculações (DAI), semanalmente até 133º DAI e a cada 15 dias até o 253º DAI. O curso da doença foi assintomático e anticorpos anti-T. evansi foram identificados no soro dos ovinos inoculados a partir do 14º DAI. Títulos crescentes foram verificados entre o 30º e 90º DAI e, após esse período, mantiveram-se elevados até o final do período de observação. Os ovinos que receberam maior inóculo (G2) apresentaram em média maiores títulos de anticorpos anti-T. evansi.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Trypanosoma evansi. Tripanossomíase. Ovinos. Resposta imune.
Resumo
The goals of this study were to evaluate if hemoglobin played a role as adjuvant in experimental peritonitis in horses and could cause clinical and haematological alterations that could be used for diagnosis and prognosis of cases of peritonitis. Fifteen adult horses were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, which were injected intraperitoneally with the following suspension: GI: 1x109 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% saline solution plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GII: 1x109 CFU of B. fragilis diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GIII: 1x109 CFU of E. coli in combination with 1x109 CFU of B. fragilis diluted in 500 ml of 0.9% of saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GIV: 500 mL of 0.9% saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin and GV: 500 mL of 0.9% saline. Leukopenia with neutropenia was observed in GI and GIII and a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen concentration occurred in horses of GI. There was a significant increase in total nucleated cell count in peritoneal fluid in horses of GI, GII, GIII and GIV. Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal wall sensibility and tension, diarrhoea, colic, and decreased borborygmi sounds were the most frequent clinical signs observed in horses of GI, GII, GIII and GIV. In conclusion, hemoglobin was able to cause chemical peritonitis in horses, it had an adjuvant effect when associated t