Resumo
Low availability of nitrogen (N) is a factor that limits forage production. Pastures are mostly formed of grasses, which need large N amounts to sustain high yields. Additionally, the availability of this nutrient affects the persistence and quality of the forage produced. However, when applying fertilizers containing nitrogen up to 50% can be lost, making their use costly for farmers. N is a highly volatile gas, and urea, widely used in agriculture, contains 46% N. When urea comes in contact with moisture in the soil, hydrolysis occurs due to the precipitation of the enzyme urease, accelerating the transformation of urea into ammonia, which can be lost by volatilization. One of the techniques to increase the efficiency of using urea is application of nitrogen fertilizers along with urease inhibitors, to retard the breakdown of urea so that it becomes incorporated in the soil slowly. One of the inhibitors used is N-(n-butyl) phosphate triamide (NBPT). This study aimed to assess the effect of nitrogen sources and doses on some productive characteristics of Áries grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq) to find ways to improve the effectiveness of nitrogen application. The tests were performed at Centro Nutrição Animal e Pastagens Instituto de Zootecnia in Nova Odessa, São Paulo, from March to August 2012. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five replications in 2 x 3 fact
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
Resumo
Composting is a controlled aerobic process to treat and stabilize organic wastes, transforming them into organic fertilizers. It is environmentally friendly (by treating polluting wastes and recycling nutrients and materials), sanitary (by breaking the cycle of diseases and eliminating vectors) and socially beneficial (by generating jobs and improving crop yields). The use of compost from urban waste (the product obtained by composting the organic part of solid household wastes) can improve soil fertility without harming the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of levels of organic fertilizer (waste compost - WC) on soil macronutrient contents. The experiment was performed at the Animal Nutrition and Pasture Center Instituto de Zootecnia Nova Odessa, SP, between January and June 2013, in a Haplorthox soil (pHCaCl2= 4.9), cultivated with piatagrass (Brachiaria brizantha, Stapf), without liming. The treatments involved five rates of WC application: 0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 Mg ha-1, mixed with soil before sowing the grass. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five replications, in pottery vessels (3.34 dm3). Soil samples were collected prior to the experiment (original soil) and after cultivation of the grass (60 days after application). The samples were air dried and passed through sieves with 2 mm mesh and analyzed chemically. The macronu
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
Resumo
Taking advantage of organic fertilizer for use in agriculture, may have beneficial effects for supplying organic matter and nutrients to the soil. The tested organic fertilizer is produced in a system of thermophilic composting of sewage sludge, the process by which it is mixed with chopped pruning urban, the crushed sugar cane and eucalyptus bark, and the mixture is subjected to aeration process revolving mechanical and oxidation promoted by an intense activity of microorganisms. The same is also additived with gypsum (Ca2SO4) in order to reduce the losses of ammonia from the process, helping to prevent odors and also attraction of vectors, besides enriching the material with calcium and sulfur, two macronutrients in plants. On the other hand the application of such compounds should be carefully monitored in order to prevent environmental risks from its use. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of rates of organic fertilizer (OF), in the Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), in a Typic Acrudox soil, pHCaCl2= 4.9, cultivated with Aries grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq.), without liming and focused in soil micronutrients contents. Treatments involved four rates of OF application: 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 t ha-1, mixed with soil before sowing the grass. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with five replications, in pots (3.34 dm3). Soil samples were collected prior to the experiment
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
Resumo
Taking advantage of organic fertilizer for use in agriculture, may have beneficial effects for supplying organic matter and nutrients to the soil. The tested organic fertilizer is produced in a system of thermophilic composting of sewage sludge, the process by which it is mixed with chopped pruning urban, the crushed sugar cane and eucalyptus bark, and the mixture is subjected to aeration process revolving mechanical and oxidation promoted by an intense activity of microorganisms. The same is also additived with gypsum (Ca2SO4) in order to reduce the losses of ammonia from the process, helping to prevent odors and also attraction of vectors, besides enriching the material with calcium and sulfur, two macronutrients in plants. On the other hand the application of such compounds should be carefully monitored in order to prevent environmental risks from its use. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of rates of organic fertilizer (OF), in the Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), in a Typic Acrudox soil, pHCaCl2= 4.9, cultivated with Aries grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq.), without liming and focused in soil micronutrients contents. Treatments involved four rates of OF application: 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 t ha-1, mixed with soil before sowing the grass. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with five replications, in pots (3.34 dm3). Soil samples were collected prior to the experiment
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
Resumo
Composting is a controlled aerobic process to treat and stabilize organic wastes, transforming them into organic fertilizers. It is environmentally friendly (by treating polluting wastes and recycling nutrients and materials), sanitary (by breaking the cycle of diseases and eliminating vectors) and socially beneficial (by generating jobs and improving crop yields). The use of compost from urban waste (the product obtained by composting the organic part of solid household wastes) can improve soil fertility without harming the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of levels of organic fertilizer (waste compost - WC) on soil macronutrient contents. The experiment was performed at the Animal Nutrition and Pasture Center Instituto de Zootecnia Nova Odessa, SP, between January and June 2013, in a Haplorthox soil (pHCaCl2= 4.9), cultivated with piatagrass (Brachiaria brizantha, Stapf), without liming. The treatments involved five rates of WC application: 0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 Mg ha-1, mixed with soil before sowing the grass. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five replications, in pottery vessels (3.34 dm3). Soil samples were collected prior to the experiment (original soil) and after cultivation of the grass (60 days after application). The samples were air dried and passed through sieves with 2 mm mesh and analyzed chemically. The macronu
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
Resumo
Low availability of nitrogen (N) is a factor that limits forage production. Pastures are mostly formed of grasses, which need large N amounts to sustain high yields. Additionally, the availability of this nutrient affects the persistence and quality of the forage produced. However, when applying fertilizers containing nitrogen up to 50% can be lost, making their use costly for farmers. N is a highly volatile gas, and urea, widely used in agriculture, contains 46% N. When urea comes in contact with moisture in the soil, hydrolysis occurs due to the precipitation of the enzyme urease, accelerating the transformation of urea into ammonia, which can be lost by volatilization. One of the techniques to increase the efficiency of using urea is application of nitrogen fertilizers along with urease inhibitors, to retard the breakdown of urea so that it becomes incorporated in the soil slowly. One of the inhibitors used is N-(n-butyl) phosphate triamide (NBPT). This study aimed to assess the effect of nitrogen sources and doses on some productive characteristics of Áries grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq) to find ways to improve the effectiveness of nitrogen application. The tests were performed at Centro Nutrição Animal e Pastagens Instituto de Zootecnia in Nova Odessa, São Paulo, from March to August 2012. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five replications in 2 x 3 fact
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.