The effects of gelatin supplementation prior to cooling on ram semen quality and fertility

The physical and chemical characteristics of gelatin have been used to justify its inclusion in extenders to preserve the sperm quality and improve results of cervical artificial insemination with cooled semen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gelatin supplementation in cooling extender on the quality and fertility of ram semen stored at 5°C. Semen samples (n = 24) of Santa Inês rams (n = 6) were diluted in Glycine-Yolk-Milk extender without (control) or with 1.5% of gelatin. The samples were loaded into 0.25 mL straws, cooled to 5°C and stored vertically for 48 and 72 hours. Sample quality was evaluated using straw homogeneity tests based on pH, osmolality and the proportion of spermatozoa (PS) in both upper and lower segments of straws (US and LS), analyses of sperm motility, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, and by fertility after artificial insemination. Differences between the US and LS of straws were found for pH and PS (%). They were significant only in the control group at both times: pH 5.96 vs. 5.71 at 48 h and 6.13 vs. 5.89 at 72 h; PS 21.66 vs. 78.34 at 48 h and 20.87 vs. 79.13 at 72 h. Storage in gelatin had very little, to no effect on the sperm kinetics or on the sperm membrane integrity evaluations. The addition of gelatin to the extender did not affect the pregnancy rate which ranged from 4.4 to 26.1%. We conclude that gelatin is effective in maintaining the physical and chemical homogeneity of the semen samples. Further research is needed in order to optimize the use of gelatin supplementation and elucidate any potential benefits.(AU)

The effects of gelatin supplementation prior to cooling on ram semen quality and fertility

The physical and chemical characteristics of gelatin have been used to justify its inclusion in extenders to preserve the sperm quality and improve results of cervical artificial insemination with cooled semen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gelatin supplementation in cooling extender on the quality and fertility of ram semen stored at 5°C. Semen samples (n = 24) of Santa Inês rams (n = 6) were diluted in Glycine-Yolk-Milk extender without (control) or with 1.5% of gelatin. The samples were loaded into 0.25 mL straws, cooled to 5°C and stored vertically for 48 and 72 hours. Sample quality was evaluated using straw homogeneity tests based on pH, osmolality and the proportion of spermatozoa (PS) in both upper and lower segments of straws (US and LS), analyses of sperm motility, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, and by fertility after artificial insemination. Differences between the US and LS of straws were found for pH and PS (%). They were significant only in the control group at both times: pH – 5.96 vs. 5.71 at 48 h and 6.13 vs. 5.89 at 72 h; PS – 21.66 vs. 78.34 at 48 h and 20.87 vs. 79.13 at 72 h. Storage in gelatin had very little, to no effect on the sperm kinetics or on the sperm membrane integrity evaluations. The addition of gelatin to the extender did not affect the pregnancy rate which ranged from 4.4 to 26.1%. We conclude that gelatin is effective in maintaining the physical and chemical homogeneity of the semen samples. Further research is needed in order to optimize the use of gelatin supplementation and elucidate any potential benefits.

Criopreservação de sêmen de peixes no Brasil: estado da arte e perspectivas futuras / Fish semen cryopreservation in Brazil: state of the art and future perspectives

Os estudos sobre a criopreservação de sêmen de peixes de água doce no Brasil teve inicio na década de 1980, no entanto, a maior parte das pesquisas ocorreu nos últimos dez anos. Neste artigo é apresentada uma visão geral do estado da arte da criopreservação de sêmen de peixes no Brasil e os avanços técnicos ocorridos nas últimas décadas. Atualmente também são realizadas pesquisas sobre este tema que buscam identificar soluções para a aplicação das técnicas de criopreservação de sêmen de peixes em escala comercial, contribuindo assim para o desenvolvimento da piscicultura no país.

Studies on cryopreservation of freshwater fish semen in Brazil started in the 80´s, however, most of the researches has occurred in the last decade. The present study shows a general view on the state of art of the cryopreservation of fish semen in Brazil and recent advances. Nowadays, there are also studies on this matter which search ways for using the technique of cryopreservation of fish semen in commercial scale, so it could contribute with the fish production in our country.

Criopreservação de sêmen de peixes no Brasil: estado da arte e perspectivas futuras / Fish semen cryopreservation in Brazil: state of the art and future perspectives

Os estudos sobre a criopreservação de sêmen de peixes de água doce no Brasil teve inicio na década de 1980, no entanto, a maior parte das pesquisas ocorreu nos últimos dez anos. Neste artigo é apresentada uma visão geral do estado da arte da criopreservação de sêmen de peixes no Brasil e os avanços técnicos ocorridos nas últimas décadas. Atualmente também são realizadas pesquisas sobre este tema que buscam identificar soluções para a aplicação das técnicas de criopreservação de sêmen de peixes em escala comercial, contribuindo assim para o desenvolvimento da piscicultura no país.(AU)

Studies on cryopreservation of freshwater fish semen in Brazil started in the 80´s, however, most of the researches has occurred in the last decade. The present study shows a general view on the state of art of the cryopreservation of fish semen in Brazil and recent advances. Nowadays, there are also studies on this matter which search ways for using the technique of cryopreservation of fish semen in commercial scale, so it could contribute with the fish production in our country.(AU)

Transport of jundiá Rhamdia quelen juveniles at different loading densities: water quality and blood parameters

Fish transportation is a common practice on fish farms and is considered to be a stressor that could negatively affect fish health. The objective of this study was to evaluate several physiological responses of stress in jundiá caused by transport at different loading densities. Jundiá juveniles were placed in plastic bags on a mechanical transport simulator for four hours at four different loading densities (75, 150, 250 and 350 g L-1) and then transferred to sixteen 80-L plastic boxes for 96 hours after transport. Water samples were collected before and after transport to measure dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and ammonia levels. Blood samples were taken at departure and arrival, as well as at 24 and 96 hours after transport to monitor cortisol, glucose, ammonia, chloride and hematocrit levels. Water ammonia levels were found to increase gradually as loading densities increased. Plasma ammonia was higher after transport in fish from all treatments. Compared to initial values, substantial increases in plasma cortisol and ammonia levels were detected mainly in those fish submitted to the highest loading density. Blood glucose appeared to be positively influenced by the increase of transport densities. No statistical differences were observed in any of the other blood parameters. The costs in fish culture, as in other animal production systems, must be minimized and fish producers depend on optimal techniques to ensure better profit. Therefore, based on fish survival and the physiological indicators determined in the present study, especially during recovery, the best density at which to transport jundiá in plastic bags for four hours is about 350 g/L.(AU)

O transporte de peixes é uma prática comum em piscicultura e considerado como um agente estressor que causa efeitos negativos na saúde do peixe. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar algumas respostas fisiológicas de estresse no jundiá causadas pelo transporte em densidades diferentes. Juvenis de jundiá foram transportados em sacos plásticos num simulador de transporte por quatro horas em diferentes densidades (75, 150, 250 e 350 g L-1) e transferidos para 16 caixas plásticas de 80 L por 96 horas após o transporte. Amostras de água foram coletadas antes e após o transporte para determinações de oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, pH e amônia. Além dos momentos da saída e da chegada, amostras de sangue foram retiradas 24 e 96 horas após o transporte para monitorar os níveis de cortisol, glicose, amônia, cloreto e hematócrito. A amônia na água aumentou gradualmente acompanhando o aumento das densidades. A amônia plasmática estava elevada após o transporte nos peixes de todos os tratamentos. Comparando com os valores iniciais, aumentos substanciais nos níveis plasmáticos de cortisol e amônia foram registrados principalmente nos peixes submetidos à densidade de transporte mais elevada. Os níveis glicêmicos parecem ter sido influenciados pelo aumento nas densidades de transporte. Não foram registradas diferenças significativas nos demais parâmetros sanguíneos. O custo da criação de peixes, da mesma forma que de outros animais, deve ser minimizado e os produtores dependem de técnicas que permitam lucros maiores. Portanto, com base nos indicadores fisiológicos e na taxa de sobrevivência obtidos no presente estudo, especialmente considerando o período de recuperação, sugere-se que a melhor densidade para o transporte do jundiá em sacos plásticos por quatro horas seja de aproximadamente 350 g/L.(AU)

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TAMBAQUI Colossoma macropomum (Characidae) TO ACUTE STRESS / Resposta fisiológica do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Characidae) ao estresse agudo

In this study, some physiological responses of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, submitted to capture and handling stress were evaluated. Changes were observed in red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), hematocrit percentage, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), blood glucose and plasma cortisol. After stress, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit decreased significantly while blood glucose, plasma cortisol, MCV, white blood cell number, lymphocytes and neutrophils numbers increased. MCHC, monocytes and special granulocytic cells numbers (SGC) did not show any change after the disturbance.

No presente trabalho avaliaram-se as respostas fisiológicas do tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, submetido ao estresse de captura e manejo. Foram analisados o eritrograma, o leucograma, o hematócrito, a hemoglobina, o volume corpuscular médio (VCM), a concentração da hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), a glicemia sanguínea e o cortisol plasmático. Após estresse, observaram-se decréscimo do número total de eritrócitos, da concentração da hemoglobina e do hematócrito e elevação do VCM, da glicemia sanguínea e do cortisol plasmático. Os leucócitos totais, o número de linfócitos e o de neutrófilos também aumentaram significativamente após o estímulo estressante. Não foram registradas alterações significativas no CHCM e no número de monócitos e de células granulocíticas especiais (CGE).

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TAMBAQUI Colossoma macropomum (Characidae) TO ACUTE STRESS / Resposta fisiológica do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Characidae) ao estresse agudo

In this study, some physiological responses of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, submitted to capture and handling stress were evaluated. Changes were observed in red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), hematocrit percentage, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), blood glucose and plasma cortisol. After stress, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit decreased significantly while blood glucose, plasma cortisol, MCV, white blood cell number, lymphocytes and neutrophils numbers increased. MCHC, monocytes and special granulocytic cells numbers (SGC) did not show any change after the disturbance.

No presente trabalho avaliaram-se as respostas fisiológicas do tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, submetido ao estresse de captura e manejo. Foram analisados o eritrograma, o leucograma, o hematócrito, a hemoglobina, o volume corpuscular médio (VCM), a concentração da hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), a glicemia sanguínea e o cortisol plasmático. Após estresse, observaram-se decréscimo do número total de eritrócitos, da concentração da hemoglobina e do hematócrito e elevação do VCM, da glicemia sanguínea e do cortisol plasmático. Os leucócitos totais, o número de linfócitos e o de neutrófilos também aumentaram significativamente após o estímulo estressante. Não foram registradas alterações significativas no CHCM e no número de monócitos e de células granulocíticas especiais (CGE).

Produção de tilápias vermelhas da Flórida em tanques-rede em represa rural

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Estresse provocado pelo transporte e respostas fisiológicas do matrinxã, Brycon cephalus (Teleostei: Characidae)

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