Evaluation of ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy using surgical staples associated with suture material in dairy cattle

Background: Displaced Abomasum is known for being on of the main illnesses that affect milking cows. Increase in diagnosis of this illness is due to advancement in diagnosis techniques. Increase in incidence of this illness can be explained by genetic selection of animals with high production, breed systems and changes to the diet with a higher level of protein. For laparoscopic treatment, several surgical changes were performed to optimize the procedure and thus achieve better results. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate applicability of the ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy technique, using surgical clamps attached to the suture thread, to milking cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult cows were placed under anesthesia with isoflurane and placed in dorsal decubitus. Animals were kept with no water for 24 h and no food for 48 h. Four laparoscopic accesses were performed. The first one was created with the intention of inspecting the abdominal cavity and the remaining three for access of surgical instruments. Serous membrane of the abomasum was cauterized, combined with suture threads and placed at the greater abomasal curvature. The free part of suture threads was kept out of the abdominal cavity and after traction of the abomasum against the abdominal wall was tied to the skin. Ultrasound exam was performed for abdominal evaluation after abomasopexy. Anesthesia time and surgery time were recorded and analyzes through average and standard deviation (SD). The average anesthesia time recorded was 94 min (SD 14.63 min) and average surgery time was 51 min (SD 14.71 min). The fasting period was considered adequate, however all animals had to undergo intubation with orogastric tube to drain liquids and gas during the procedure. Four of the six animals had lineal adhesion. Three of the four animals that had adhesion did not keep the abomasum at the retroperitoneal area, however viscera movement was stopped in the abdominal cavity.[...]

Evaluation of ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy using surgical staples associated with suture material in dairy cattle

Background: Displaced Abomasum is known for being on of the main illnesses that affect milking cows. Increase in diagnosis of this illness is due to advancement in diagnosis techniques. Increase in incidence of this illness can be explained by genetic selection of animals with high production, breed systems and changes to the diet with a higher level of protein. For laparoscopic treatment, several surgical changes were performed to optimize the procedure and thus achieve better results. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate applicability of the ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy technique, using surgical clamps attached to the suture thread, to milking cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult cows were placed under anesthesia with isoflurane and placed in dorsal decubitus. Animals were kept with no water for 24 h and no food for 48 h. Four laparoscopic accesses were performed. The first one was created with the intention of inspecting the abdominal cavity and the remaining three for access of surgical instruments. Serous membrane of the abomasum was cauterized, combined with suture threads and placed at the greater abomasal curvature. The free part of suture threads was kept out of the abdominal cavity and after traction of the abomasum against the abdominal wall was tied to the skin. Ultrasound exam was performed for abdominal evaluation after abomasopexy. Anesthesia time and surgery time were recorded and analyzes through average and standard deviation (SD). The average anesthesia time recorded was 94 min (SD 14.63 min) and average surgery time was 51 min (SD 14.71 min). The fasting period was considered adequate, however all animals had to undergo intubation with orogastric tube to drain liquids and gas during the procedure. Four of the six animals had lineal adhesion. Three of the four animals that had adhesion did not keep the abomasum at the retroperitoneal area, however viscera movement was stopped in the abdominal cavity.[...](AU)

Técnicas e aplicação da biopsia intestinal na clínica de equinos / Techniques and application of intestinal biopsy in the equine medicine / Técnicas y aplicación de la biopsia intestinal en la clínica de equinos

As doenças do trato gastrointestinal de equinos promovem importantes alterações, tanto sistêmicas comolocais, sendo que essas últimas podem ser analisadas, contribuindo para o diagnóstico e para definição de uma conduta terapêutica adequada. Uma vez que muitas enfermidades manifestam-se clinicamente de forma inespecífica, a biopsia intestinal desempenha papel fundamental para obtenção de amostras de diferentes segmentos, viabilizando em muitos casos a identificação do processo patogênico por meio desses fragmentos. A análise microscópica de tecidos intestinais possibilita a avaliação da predominância de diferentes grupos celulares infiltrados na mucosa e submucosa, além da avaliação da integridade dessas estruturas. Abordagens por celiotomia, gastroduodenoscopia, laparoscopia e por via retal são descritas para realização da biopsia intestinal, entretanto, em equinos ainda não são empregadasconsistentemente, ao contrário do que ocorre em humanos e pequenos animais. São poucos os relatos que demonstramo uso da biopsia intestinal na rotina clínica, sendo uma área promissora para a identificação e diferenciação entrediversas doenças que afetam o sistema digestório de cavalos. A biopsia intestinal pode ser indicada em casos dedoença inflamatória intestinal (DII), enteropatia proliferativa equina (EPE), disautonomia equina (Equine Grass Shickness), neoplasias intestinais, afecções intestinais isquêmicas e em estudos experimentais. No entanto, determinadas enfermidades diagnosticadas em países que utilizam com maior frequência a biopsia intestinal, podem estar sendo sub identificadas no Brasil. Portanto, esse exame complementar pode e deve ser indicado para elucidação de casos dedistúrbios gastrointestinais inespecíficos. Dessa forma, este artigo visa apresentar e discutir diferentes indicações, técnicase padrões de qualidade de biopsias intestinais em equinos.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of horses trigger important disorders, both systemic and local, whereasthe evaluation of the local alterations may contribute to the diagnosis and establishment of an appropriate treatment.Since many diseases are clinically manifested in a nonspecific way, intestinal biopsy plays a fundamental role in obtainingsamples of different segments, allowing, in many cases, the identification of the pathogenic process through the fragmentscollected. Microscopic exam of intestinal tissue enables the analysis of the predominance of different cell groups infiltratedin the mucosa and submucosa, in addition to evaluating the integrity of these structures. Celiotomy, gastroduodenoscopy,laparoscopy and rectal approaches are described for performing intestinal biopsies; however, in horses they are notconsistently used, as opposed to what occurs in humans and small animais. There are a few accounts that demonstratethe use of intestinal biopsies in clinical practice, that being a promising area for the identification and differentiation ofvarious diseases that affect the digestive system of horses. Intestinal biopsies may be indicated in cases of inflammatorybowel disease (IBD), equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), equine dysautonomia (Equine Grass Sickness), intestinalneoplasms, ischemic bowel diseases and in experimental studies. However, some diseases commonly diagnosed incountries where intestinal biopsies are more often employed, might be sub-identified in Brazil. Therefore, this additionalexamination may and should be used for the elucidation of nonspecific cases of gastrointestinal disorder. Thus, thisarticle aims to present and discuss different indications, techniques and quality standards for intestinal biopsies in horses.

Las enfermedades dei tracto gastrointestinal de equinos promueven importantes alteraciones, tanto sistémicascomo locales, siendo que esas últimas pueden ser analizadas, contribuyendo para el diagnóstico y para Ia definición deuna conducta terapéutica adecuada. Una vez que muchas enfermedades se manifiestan clínicamente de forma inespecífica,Ia blopsla intestinal desempena un papel fundamental para Ia obtención de muestras de distintos segmentos, haciendofactible en muchos casos Ia identificación dei proceso patógeno por media de esos fragmentos. EI análisis microscópicode tejidos intestinales posibilita el análisis de Ia predominancia de distintos grupos celulares infiltrados en Ia mucosa ysubmucosa, además de Ia evaluación de Ia integridad de esas estructuras. Abordajes por celiotomía, gastroduodenoscopía,laparoscopia y por vía rectal son descriptas para realización de Ia biopsia intestinal, sin embargo, en equinos aún no sonempleadas consistentemente, ai contrario de 10que ocurre en humanos y pequenos animales. Son pocos los relatosque demuestran el uso de Ia biopsia intestinal en Ia rutina clínica, siendo un área promisora para Ia identificación ydiferenciación entre diversas enfermedades que afectan el sistema digestor de caballos. La biopsia intestinal puede serindicada en casos de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (DII), enteropatía proliferativa equina (EPE), disautonomía equina(EquineGrassShickness), neoplasias intestinales, afecciones intestinales isquémicas y en estudios experimentales. Sinembargo, determinadas enfermedades diagnosticadas en países que utilizan con mayor frecuencia Ia biopsia intestinalpueden estar siendo sub-identificadas en Brasil. Por tanto, ese examen complementario puede y debe ser indicado paraelucidación de casos de disturbios gastrointestinales inespecíficos. Así, el objeto de este artículo es presentar y discutirdistintas indicaciones, técnicas y estándares de calidad de biopsias intestinales en equinos.

Técnicas e aplicação da biopsia intestinal na clínica de equinos / Techniques and application of intestinal biopsy in the equine medicine / Técnicas y aplicación de la biopsia intestinal en la clínica de equinos

As doenças do trato gastrointestinal de equinos promovem importantes alterações, tanto sistêmicas comolocais, sendo que essas últimas podem ser analisadas, contribuindo para o diagnóstico e para definição de uma conduta terapêutica adequada. Uma vez que muitas enfermidades manifestam-se clinicamente de forma inespecífica, a biopsia intestinal desempenha papel fundamental para obtenção de amostras de diferentes segmentos, viabilizando em muitos casos a identificação do processo patogênico por meio desses fragmentos. A análise microscópica de tecidos intestinais possibilita a avaliação da predominância de diferentes grupos celulares infiltrados na mucosa e submucosa, além da avaliação da integridade dessas estruturas. Abordagens por celiotomia, gastroduodenoscopia, laparoscopia e por via retal são descritas para realização da biopsia intestinal, entretanto, em equinos ainda não são empregadasconsistentemente, ao contrário do que ocorre em humanos e pequenos animais. São poucos os relatos que demonstramo uso da biopsia intestinal na rotina clínica, sendo uma área promissora para a identificação e diferenciação entrediversas doenças que afetam o sistema digestório de cavalos. A biopsia intestinal pode ser indicada em casos dedoença inflamatória intestinal (DII), enteropatia proliferativa equina (EPE), disautonomia equina (Equine Grass Shickness), neoplasias intestinais, afecções intestinais isquêmicas e em estudos experimentais. No entanto, determinadas enfermidades diagnosticadas em países que utilizam com maior frequência a biopsia intestinal, podem estar sendo sub identificadas no Brasil. Portanto, esse exame complementar pode e deve ser indicado para elucidação de casos dedistúrbios gastrointestinais inespecíficos. Dessa forma, este artigo visa apresentar e discutir diferentes indicações, técnicase padrões de qualidade de biopsias intestinais em equinos.(AU)

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of horses trigger important disorders, both systemic and local, whereasthe evaluation of the local alterations may contribute to the diagnosis and establishment of an appropriate treatment.Since many diseases are clinically manifested in a nonspecific way, intestinal biopsy plays a fundamental role in obtainingsamples of different segments, allowing, in many cases, the identification of the pathogenic process through the fragmentscollected. Microscopic exam of intestinal tissue enables the analysis of the predominance of different cell groups infiltratedin the mucosa and submucosa, in addition to evaluating the integrity of these structures. Celiotomy, gastroduodenoscopy,laparoscopy and rectal approaches are described for performing intestinal biopsies; however, in horses they are notconsistently used, as opposed to what occurs in humans and small animais. There are a few accounts that demonstratethe use of intestinal biopsies in clinical practice, that being a promising area for the identification and differentiation ofvarious diseases that affect the digestive system of horses. Intestinal biopsies may be indicated in cases of inflammatorybowel disease (IBD), equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), equine dysautonomia (Equine Grass Sickness), intestinalneoplasms, ischemic bowel diseases and in experimental studies. However, some diseases commonly diagnosed incountries where intestinal biopsies are more often employed, might be sub-identified in Brazil. Therefore, this additionalexamination may and should be used for the elucidation of nonspecific cases of gastrointestinal disorder. Thus, thisarticle aims to present and discuss different indications, techniques and quality standards for intestinal biopsies in horses.(AU)

Las enfermedades dei tracto gastrointestinal de equinos promueven importantes alteraciones, tanto sistémicascomo locales, siendo que esas últimas pueden ser analizadas, contribuyendo para el diagnóstico y para Ia definición deuna conducta terapéutica adecuada. Una vez que muchas enfermedades se manifiestan clínicamente de forma inespecífica,Ia blopsla intestinal desempena un papel fundamental para Ia obtención de muestras de distintos segmentos, haciendofactible en muchos casos Ia identificación dei proceso patógeno por media de esos fragmentos. EI análisis microscópicode tejidos intestinales posibilita el análisis de Ia predominancia de distintos grupos celulares infiltrados en Ia mucosa ysubmucosa, además de Ia evaluación de Ia integridad de esas estructuras. Abordajes por celiotomía, gastroduodenoscopía,laparoscopia y por vía rectal son descriptas para realización de Ia biopsia intestinal, sin embargo, en equinos aún no sonempleadas consistentemente, ai contrario de 10que ocurre en humanos y pequenos animales. Son pocos los relatosque demuestran el uso de Ia biopsia intestinal en Ia rutina clínica, siendo un área promisora para Ia identificación ydiferenciación entre diversas enfermedades que afectan el sistema digestor de caballos. La biopsia intestinal puede serindicada en casos de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (DII), enteropatía proliferativa equina (EPE), disautonomía equina(EquineGrassShickness), neoplasias intestinales, afecciones intestinales isquémicas y en estudios experimentales. Sinembargo, determinadas enfermedades diagnosticadas en países que utilizan con mayor frecuencia Ia biopsia intestinalpueden estar siendo sub-identificadas en Brasil. Por tanto, ese examen complementario puede y debe ser indicado paraelucidación de casos de disturbios gastrointestinales inespecíficos. Así, el objeto de este artículo es presentar y discutirdistintas indicaciones, técnicas y estándares de calidad de biopsias intestinales en equinos.(AU)