Evaluation of electrosurgery and titanium clips for ovarian pedicle haemostasis in video-assisted ovariohysterectomy with two portals in bitches / Eletrocirurgia bipolar e clipes de titânio para hemostasia em pedículos ovarianos durante ovariohisterectomia videoassistida com dois portais em cadelas

This study evaluated the use of bipolar electrosurgery and laparoscopic clipping, and their effects on blood loss and the inflammatory response, during a two portal video-assisted ovariohysterectomy technique (two groups with 10 animals each). Surgical time and blood loss volume were significantly lower in the electrosurgery group. There were no significant changes in haematocrit between groups; however, haematocrit did differ between evaluated times, and decreased 10% from the initial measurement to four hours after the procedure. The inflammatory response was significantly higher throughout the post-surgical period, but without any different clinical signs between the two groups. Both techniques had good application for the two portal video-assisted procedure; however, the bipolar electrosurgery allowed for shorter surgical times, reduced blood loss and a minimal learning curve for the surgeon.

Este estudo avaliou a utilização da eletrocirurgia bipolar e do clipador laparoscópico em relação à perda sanguínea e resposta inflamatória durante a ovariohisterectomia videoassistida com dois portais (dois grupos com 10 animais). O tempo cirúrgico, assim como o volume de sangue perdido foram significativamente menores no Grupo Bipolar. Não houve mudanças significativas no hematócrito entre os grupos, mas entre os tempos avaliados houve redução de 10% do valor inicial até quatro horas após o procedimento. A resposta inflamatória foi significativamente maior durante todo o período de avaliação após a cirurgia, mas sem manifestações clínicas diferentes daquelas apresentadas pelo Grupo Clipador. Ambas as técnicas têm boa execução pelo procedimento videoassistido, contudo, o uso da eletrocirurgia bipolar permite tempos cirúrgicos menores, perda de sangue mínima e menor curva de aprendizado para o cirurgião.

Evaluation of electrosurgery and titanium clips for ovarian pedicle haemostasis in video-assisted ovariohysterectomy with two portals in bitches / Eletrocirurgia bipolar e clipes de titânio para hemostasia em pedículos ovarianos durante ovariohisterectomia videoassistida com dois portais em cadelas

This study evaluated the use of bipolar electrosurgery and laparoscopic clipping, and their effects on blood loss and the inflammatory response, during a two portal video-assisted ovariohysterectomy technique (two groups with 10 animals each). Surgical time and blood loss volume were significantly lower in the electrosurgery group. There were no significant changes in haematocrit between groups; however, haematocrit did differ between evaluated times, and decreased 10% from the initial measurement to four hours after the procedure. The inflammatory response was significantly higher throughout the post-surgical period, but without any different clinical signs between the two groups. Both techniques had good application for the two portal video-assisted procedure; however, the bipolar electrosurgery allowed for shorter surgical times, reduced blood loss and a minimal learning curve for the surgeon. (AU)

Este estudo avaliou a utilização da eletrocirurgia bipolar e do clipador laparoscópico em relação à perda sanguínea e resposta inflamatória durante a ovariohisterectomia videoassistida com dois portais (dois grupos com 10 animais). O tempo cirúrgico, assim como o volume de sangue perdido foram significativamente menores no Grupo Bipolar. Não houve mudanças significativas no hematócrito entre os grupos, mas entre os tempos avaliados houve redução de 10% do valor inicial até quatro horas após o procedimento. A resposta inflamatória foi significativamente maior durante todo o período de avaliação após a cirurgia, mas sem manifestações clínicas diferentes daquelas apresentadas pelo Grupo Clipador. Ambas as técnicas têm boa execução pelo procedimento videoassistido, contudo, o uso da eletrocirurgia bipolar permite tempos cirúrgicos menores, perda de sangue mínima e menor curva de aprendizado para o cirurgião. (AU)

Evaluation of electrosurgery and titanium clips for ovarian pedicle haemostasis in video-assisted ovariohysterectomy with two portals in bitches

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the use of bipolar electrosurgery and laparoscopic clipping, and their effects on blood loss and the inflammatory response, during a two portal video-assisted ovariohysterectomy technique (two groups with 10 animals each). Surgical time and blood loss volume were significantly lower in the electrosurgery group. There were no significant changes in haematocrit between groups; however, haematocrit did differ between evaluated times, and decreased 10% from the initial measurement to four hours after the procedure. The inflammatory response was significantly higher throughout the post-surgical period, but without any different clinical signs between the two groups. Both techniques had good application for the two portal video-assisted procedure; however, the bipolar electrosurgery allowed for shorter surgical times, reduced blood loss and a minimal learning curve for the surgeon.

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou a utilização da eletrocirurgia bipolar e do clipador laparoscópico em relação à perda sanguínea e resposta inflamatória durante a ovariohisterectomia videoassistida com dois portais (dois grupos com 10 animais). O tempo cirúrgico, assim como o volume de sangue perdido foram significativamente menores no Grupo Bipolar. Não houve mudanças significativas no hematócrito entre os grupos, mas entre os tempos avaliados houve redução de 10% do valor inicial até quatro horas após o procedimento. A resposta inflamatória foi significativamente maior durante todo o período de avaliação após a cirurgia, mas sem manifestações clínicas diferentes daquelas apresentadas pelo Grupo Clipador. Ambas as técnicas têm boa execução pelo procedimento videoassistido, contudo, o uso da eletrocirurgia bipolar permite tempos cirúrgicos menores, perda de sangue mínima e menor curva de aprendizado para o cirurgião.

Determining the optimal time of gastric emptying in cats using dry or wet food

Background: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric content can result in intraoperative and postoperative complications, such as regurgitation, gastro-esophageal reflux and esophagitis. There are variations among authors about the ideal period of solid and liquid fasting. Determination of the appropriate amount of food abstinence in surgical patients is important, because of the metabolic disorders that interfere in response to anesthetic protocol or surgical intervention. Thereby, this research aimed to evaluate the appropriate period of fasting for elective anesthesia and surgical procedures in cats, by analysis of gastric emptying time based on the daily energy requirement. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven cats of mixed breed, health and with an average weight of 2.857 ± 0.3780 were evaluated by gastroscopy for the presence of food and obtaining tissue samples. To evaluate the gastric emptying time, dry and moist food were offered at two different times, 8 h and 4 h before each evaluation, with an interval of seven days between each food treatment (dry and moist). There was no significant difference in all biochemical parameters evaluated (cholesterol, glucose, and lactate) in both fasting times and food types (P > 0.05). All animals underwent gastric biopsy for histological evaluation and urease test, to discard morphological changes. After 4 h it was observed dry food [...](AU)

Determining the optimal time of gastric emptying in cats using dry or wet food

Background: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric content can result in intraoperative and postoperative complications, such as regurgitation, gastro-esophageal reflux and esophagitis. There are variations among authors about the ideal period of solid and liquid fasting. Determination of the appropriate amount of food abstinence in surgical patients is important, because of the metabolic disorders that interfere in response to anesthetic protocol or surgical intervention. Thereby, this research aimed to evaluate the appropriate period of fasting for elective anesthesia and surgical procedures in cats, by analysis of gastric emptying time based on the daily energy requirement. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven cats of mixed breed, health and with an average weight of 2.857 ± 0.3780 were evaluated by gastroscopy for the presence of food and obtaining tissue samples. To evaluate the gastric emptying time, dry and moist food were offered at two different times, 8 h and 4 h before each evaluation, with an interval of seven days between each food treatment (dry and moist). There was no significant difference in all biochemical parameters evaluated (cholesterol, glucose, and lactate) in both fasting times and food types (P > 0.05). All animals underwent gastric biopsy for histological evaluation and urease test, to discard morphological changes. After 4 h it was observed dry food [...]

Influence of Ringers lactated solution in continuous infusion and general anesthesia on hematocrit in dogs / Influência da infusão contínua de solução de Ringer com lactato e da anestesia geral sobre o hematócrito em cães

The measurement of serum parameters during general anesthesia procedures are subject to variations due to differences in protocol, splenic storage, and by the instituted fluid therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the hematocrit changes promoted by controlled fluid therapy and general anesthesia. Six mongrel female dogs underwent an anesthetic protocol with acepromazine (0.03 mg kg-1) and tramadol (5 mg kg-1) for premedication, induction with propofol (3 mg kg-1), and maintained with isoflurane and mechanical ventilation for 120 minutes. After induction, they were infused with 10 ml kg hr-1 of Ringers lactate solution. Hematocrit measurements were performed from the start until 72 hours from anesthesia and evaluated statistically to check if there were significant changes over time. The fluid therapy, the acepromazine and propofol in the anesthetic protocol promotes a significant reduction of hematocrit up to four hours after general anesthesia.(AU)

A mensuração de parâmetros séricos durante procedimentos dependentes de anestesia geral são passíveis de variações devido a diferenças do protocolo utilizado, armazenamento esplênico e também da fluidoterapia instituída. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o hematócrito buscando evidenciar as alterações flutuantes promovidas por fluidoterapia controlada e anestesia geral em cães submetidos a ovariohisterectomia laparoscópica. Seis cadelas sem raça definida foram submetidas a um protocolo anestésico com acepromazina (0,03 mg kg-1) e tramadol (5,0 mg kg-1) como medicação pré-anestésica, indução com propofol (3,0 mg kg-1) e mantidas com isoflurano e ventilação mecânica durante 120 minutos. Após a indução, receberam a infusão de 10,0 ml kg hr-1 de solução Ringer com lactato. Foram realizadas aferições de hematócrito do início (ou antes?) até 72 horas após a anestesia, sendo avaliadas estatisticamente para verificar se houve alterações relevantes durante os tempos. A fluidoterapia e o uso de acepromazina e propofol no protocolo anestésico para esta técnica cirúrgica promoveram uma redução de hematócrito significativa até quatro horas após a anestesia geral.(AU)

Mandibular osteosynthesis in a Boa constrictor snake / Osteossíntese mandibular em jiboia (Boa constrictor)

Tem-se observado um aumento do achado de determinados animais selvagens em áreas urbanas,em função das alterações ambientais provocadas pelo desmatamento e uso econômico de áreasnaturais. Isso causa o desaparecimento das presas usuais e força esses animais, inclusive serpentes, amigrar para áreas urbanizadas, tornando-os vulneráveis aos traumatismos provocados por agressões,atropelamentos e acidentes de captura. As fraturas de mandíbula e maxila são comuns em diversasespécies animais, representando cerca de 3 a 6% de todas as fraturas ósseas em cães e gatos. Otrauma mandibular ocorre geralmente em consequência de lutas, acidentes veiculares e manejoe/ou contenção inadequados. A mandíbula é um osso chato com diferenças em relação aos ossoslongos que devem ser levadas em consideração para o sucesso do tratamento, e a necessidade demanutenção da oclusão e a cobertura muscular mínima são fatores que influenciam a definiçãodo melhor método de redução. Entre os métodos de estabilização se destacam a utilização de fiometálico, pino intramedular, fixador esquelético externo, placa de compressão dinâmica e resinaacrílica. A utilização de placas ósseas convencionais é eficiente, mas está relacionada a diversascomplicações, tais como a necessidade de elevação da musculatura para sua aplicação e alto riscode lesão às estruturas mandibulares. Este artigo descreve os resultados satisfatórios da aplicação deplaca de compressão dinâmica e parafusos na redução de fratura mandibular em uma serpente jiboia(Boa constrictor) do sexo feminino, com peso de 8,0 kg e comprimento de 1,80 m, atendida naFundação RIOZOO (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil).(AU)

Nowadays are observed an increase in the finding of certain wild animals in urban areas, dueto environmental changes caused by deforestation and economic use of natural areas. It causesdisappearance of usual prey and forces these animals, including snakes, to migrate to urban areas,becoming vulnerable to injuries caused by aggressions, car accidents and capture. Mandibular andmaxillar fractures are common in many animal species, representing about 3-6% of all bone fracturesin dogs and cats. Mandibular trauma usually occurs as a result of fights, car accidents and improperhandling and/or restraint, and fractures can be closed or open, clean or contaminated. The jaw is aflat bone with differences from the long bones that should be taken into consideration for successfultreatment, being minimal muscle coverage and need to maintain occlusion factors that influence thedefinition of the best ostheosynthesis method. The methods of stabilization include using intramedullarypins, wires, external skeletal fixation, bone plate, and acrylic resin. Conventional bone plates are efficientbut related to some complications, such as the necessity of muscular elevation and high risk of injuriesto mandibular structures. This article describes the successful results of the application of plate andscrews in the ostheosynthesis of a mandibular fracture in a female Boa constrictor snake with weight of8.0 kg and length of 1.80 m, at the RIOZOO Foundation (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil).(AU)

Liposarcoma with perineal hernia in dog / Lipossarcoma associado à hérnia perineal em um cão

Liposarcoma is an uncommon malignant tumor originated in the lipoblasts that usually does not produce metastases, but is locally invasive. The final diagnosis is made by histopathology and wide surgical excision is the treatment. A four years old male Pinscher, weighing 2.8 kg, which was previously submitted to seven therapeutic procedures for hepatoid adenoma, was brought to us. On clinical examination a large, soft consistency and painless tumor on lumbodorsal area, besides perineal hernia, was observed. The CT scan revealed an image of an extensive paravertebral intramuscular tumor, embracing retroperitoneal, pelvic canal and ad-anal region. After surgical resection, the material was sent for histopathological examination which confirmed it was a liposarcoma. Thus, chemotherapy protocol with doxorubicin was established. 12 months after the last application of chemotherapy, the patient shows no signs of tumor recurrence nor metastases.(AU)

O lipossarcoma é um tumor maligno incomum, originário dos lipoblastos que geralmente não produz metástases; entretanto, élocalmente invasivo. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por exame histopatológico e o tratamento consiste na excisão cirúrgica ampla.Foi atendido um cão, da raça Pinscher, macho, com quatro anos de idade, pesando 2,8kg, que fora submetido anteriormentea sete procedimentos terapêuticos para adenoma hepatoide. Ao exame clínico o paciente apresentava uma grande tumoraçãona região dorsolombar, de consistência amolecida e indolor, além de hérnia perineal. O exame de tomografia computadorizadarevelou imagem de uma massa intramuscular paravertebral extensa, invadindo retroperitônio, canal pélvico e região ad-anal. Apósressecção cirúrgica, o material foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica, que confirmou tratar-se de um lipossarcoma; dessaforma, foi instituído protocolo quimioterápico com doxorrubicina. Decorridos 12 meses da última aplicação do quimioterápico, opaciente não apresenta sinais de recidiva da neoplasia maligna, nem tampouco metástases.(AU)

Liposarcoma with perineal hernia in dog / Lipossarcoma associado à hérnia perineal em um cão

Liposarcoma is an uncommon malignant tumor originated in the lipoblasts that usually does not produce metastases, but is locally invasive. The final diagnosis is made by histopathology and wide surgical excision is the treatment. A four years old male Pinscher, weighing 2.8 kg, which was previously submitted to seven therapeutic procedures for hepatoid adenoma, was brought to us. On clinical examination a large, soft consistency and painless tumor on lumbodorsal area, besides perineal hernia, was observed. The CT scan revealed an image of an extensive paravertebral intramuscular tumor, embracing retroperitoneal, pelvic canal and ad-anal region. After surgical resection, the material was sent for histopathological examination which confirmed it was a liposarcoma. Thus, chemotherapy protocol with doxorubicin was established. 12 months after the last application of chemotherapy, the patient shows no signs of tumor recurrence nor metastases.

O lipossarcoma é um tumor maligno incomum, originário dos lipoblastos que geralmente não produz metástases; entretanto, élocalmente invasivo. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por exame histopatológico e o tratamento consiste na excisão cirúrgica ampla.Foi atendido um cão, da raça Pinscher, macho, com quatro anos de idade, pesando 2,8kg, que fora submetido anteriormentea sete procedimentos terapêuticos para adenoma hepatoide. Ao exame clínico o paciente apresentava uma grande tumoraçãona região dorsolombar, de consistência amolecida e indolor, além de hérnia perineal. O exame de tomografia computadorizadarevelou imagem de uma massa intramuscular paravertebral extensa, invadindo retroperitônio, canal pélvico e região ad-anal. Apósressecção cirúrgica, o material foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica, que confirmou tratar-se de um lipossarcoma; dessaforma, foi instituído protocolo quimioterápico com doxorrubicina. Decorridos 12 meses da última aplicação do quimioterápico, opaciente não apresenta sinais de recidiva da neoplasia maligna, nem tampouco metástases.

Bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fluid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientific literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the first case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced. Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of recurrence a treatment palliative. Nevertheless, recognizing the risks, they preferred by choose for a minimally invasive treatment. With this clinical challenge, we established a supportive treatment, with fluid therapy and commercial therapeutic feeding. At day of diagnosis of perinephric pseudocyst, which we consider as day 0, blood sample was collected for evaluation hemogram and biochemical serum, tests revealed normochromic normocytic anemia and azotemia. Elapsed 10 days of supportive therapy, the liquid was aseptically drained, being classified as a transudate. It was performed only two collection of perirenal liquid within a interval of 10 days between them. After the second perinephric pseudocyst draining the animal did not return to the veterinary clinic, since the owners had reported, by phone call, the improvement of the animal. The reports were maintained during three months and two years after the diagnostic, with no longer observation of abdominal enlargement. Discussion: The abdominal ultrasound proved to be an effective diagnostic method for the differentiation and confirmation of PNP e the liquid analysis revealed pure transudate. These results are similar to those described by other authors. Laboratory tests showed normocytic normochromic anemia and azotemia. The azotemia may be prerenal, by dehydration, as observed in this report; however, as shown in other studies of conical renal injury, obstruction by calculus can lead to this azotemic condition. Thus, it was possible to observe in this study, corroborating the literature, that the prognosis is related to the degree of renal dysfunction. Since this animal was a young cat, when the dehydration was, corrected along with the percutaneous puncture of liquid, the animal's response was immediate and satisfactory. The levels of urea and creatinine declined, with consequent decrease in accumulation of liquid in cysts. Another fundamental process in the therapeutic care, was the combination of mechanical therapy with therapeutic feeding, providing lower renal overload of minerals and a greater supply of proteins with high digestibility to the animal. It is important to emphasize that it is not recommended to replace the surgery by this protocol, but it is expected with this report demonstrate the importance of this rare disease in our country, highlighting that a palliative maneuver in association with changes in diet are therapies that can be employed with favorable prognosis.

Bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a cat / Bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of

Síndrome da dilatação volvo gástrica em cães

The syndrome of gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) is a severe condition of acute character, which gives a high rate of death in small animals. The etiology is not fully established, however, several treatment options have been described. The DVG causes severe reduction in tissue perfusion, affecting many organs, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review of the pathogenesis of this syndrome as well as its treatment.

A síndrome da dilatação volvo gástrica (DVG) é uma condição grave, de caráter agudo, que confere alto índice de óbito em pequenos animais. A etiologia não está completamente estabelecida e, em contrapartida, diversas possibilidades de tratamento são descritas. A DVG causa grave redução na perfusão tecidual, afetando vários órgãos, incluindo os sistemas respiratório e cardiovascular. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a patogenia desta síndrome e seu tratamento.

Síndrome da dilatação volvo gástrica em cães

The syndrome of gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) is a severe condition of acute character, which gives a high rate of death in small animals. The etiology is not fully established, however, several treatment options have been described. The DVG causes severe reduction in tissue perfusion, affecting many organs, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review of the pathogenesis of this syndrome as well as its treatment.

A síndrome da dilatação volvo gástrica (DVG) é uma condição grave, de caráter agudo, que confere alto índice de óbito em pequenos animais. A etiologia não está completamente estabelecida e, em contrapartida, diversas possibilidades de tratamento são descritas. A DVG causa grave redução na perfusão tecidual, afetando vários órgãos, incluindo os sistemas respiratório e cardiovascular. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a patogenia desta síndrome e seu tratamento.

Uveíte associada à infecção por Trypanosoma evansi em cães no município de Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil

This paper describes the ocular alterations of two dogs naturally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The animals presented to an ophthalmologic examination, normal Schirmer tear test , negative fluorescein test, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent discharge, miosis, corneal edema, intraocular pressure decreased and positive Tyndall effect. In blood smears, trypomastigotes were identified, classified as belonging to the species T. evansi. By the results presented here, it was concluded that there is a necessity of performing a complete ophthalmological examination in dogs with uveitis, including parasitological examination specific to hemoparasites.

Descrevem-se, neste trabalho, as alterações oculares de dois cães naturalmente infectados por Trypanosoma evansi. Os animais apresentaram, ao exame oftalmológico, teste lacrimal de Schirmer I normal, teste de fluoresceína negativo, quemose, hiperemia conjuntival, secreção mucopurulenta, miose, edema de córnea, pressão intraocular diminuída e efeito Tyndall positivo. No esfregaço sanguíneo, foram identificadas formas tripomastigotas, classificadas como pertencentes à espécie T. evansi. Pelos resultados aqui apresentados, concluímos quanto à necessidade de realização de avaliação oftalmológica completa em cães apresentando uveíte, incluindo exames parasitológicos específicos para hemoparasitas.

Uveíte associada à infecção por Trypanosoma evansi em cães no município de Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil

This paper describes the ocular alterations of two dogs naturally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The animals presented to an ophthalmologic examination, normal Schirmer tear test , negative fluorescein test, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent discharge, miosis, corneal edema, intraocular pressure decreased and positive Tyndall effect. In blood smears, trypomastigotes were identified, classified as belonging to the species T. evansi. By the results presented here, it was concluded that there is a necessity of performing a complete ophthalmological examination in dogs with uveitis, including parasitological examination specific to hemoparasites.

Descrevem-se, neste trabalho, as alterações oculares de dois cães naturalmente infectados por Trypanosoma evansi. Os animais apresentaram, ao exame oftalmológico, teste lacrimal de Schirmer I normal, teste de fluoresceína negativo, quemose, hiperemia conjuntival, secreção mucopurulenta, miose, edema de córnea, pressão intraocular diminuída e efeito Tyndall positivo. No esfregaço sanguíneo, foram identificadas formas tripomastigotas, classificadas como pertencentes à espécie T. evansi. Pelos resultados aqui apresentados, concluímos quanto à necessidade de realização de avaliação oftalmológica completa em cães apresentando uveíte, incluindo exames parasitológicos específicos para hemoparasitas.

Uveíte associada à infecção por Trypanosoma evansi em cães no município de Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil

This paper describes the ocular alterations of two dogs naturally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The animals presented to an ophthalmologic examination, normal Schirmer tear test , negative fluorescein test, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent discharge, miosis, corneal edema, intraocular pressure decreased and positive Tyndall effect. In blood smears, trypomastigotes were identified, classified as belonging to the species T. evansi. By the results presented here, it was concluded that there is a necessity of performing a complete ophthalmological examination in dogs with uveitis, including parasitological examination specific to hemoparasites.

Descrevem-se, neste trabalho, as alterações oculares de dois cães naturalmente infectados por Trypanosoma evansi. Os animais apresentaram, ao exame oftalmológico, teste lacrimal de Schirmer I normal, teste de fluoresceína negativo, quemose, hiperemia conjuntival, secreção mucopurulenta, miose, edema de córnea, pressão intraocular diminuída e efeito Tyndall positivo. No esfregaço sanguíneo, foram identificadas formas tripomastigotas, classificadas como pertencentes à espécie T. evansi. Pelos resultados aqui apresentados, concluímos quanto à necessidade de realização de avaliação oftalmológica completa em cães apresentando uveíte, incluindo exames parasitológicos específicos para hemoparasitas.

Efeitos metabólicos e hematológicos de vasopressores em cães anestesiados com isofl uorano e submetidos a choque hemorrágico experimental

Introdução: O choque é denominado como um estado clínico resultante de suprimento inadequado de oxigênio aos tecidos podendo ocorrer em metabolismo celular alterado, morte celular e disfunção ou falha de órgãos. O uso de fl uidos colóides e cristalóides durante a reanimação do paciente em choque pode tornar-se um processo complicado. O hidroxietilamido é uma molécula com peso molecular variado, o qual determina o tempo em que a solução permanecerá dentro dos vasos pelo aumento da pressão oncótica e desde que houveram as primeiras descrições do uso da solução salina hipertônica a 7,5% para tratamento do choque hipovolêmico, desenvolveram-se pesquisas signifi cativas no âmbito animal. O Cloridrato de dopamina atua como precursor na síntese de noradrenalina e adrenalina e a vasopressina aumenta a pressão sanguínea ao induzir uma vasoconstrição moderada sobre as arteríolas do corpo. O uso clínico rotineiro da vasopressina é muito limitado, sendo pouco conhecidas as doses que devem ser usadas para melhorar a hemodinâmica sem prejudicar a oferta tecidual de oxigênio.Materiais, Métodos e Resultados: Foram utilizados 24 cães adultos, SRD, pesando 10,84±3,3kg. Os animais foram induzidos a anestesia geral por meio da vaporização de isofl uorano, intubados e conectados a um sistema com reinalação parcial de gases, e anestesia geral inalatória com isofl uorano em vaporizador calibrado a 1C

Jejum pré-operatório em cães e gatos revisão de literatura / Preoperative fasting in dogs and cats - literature review

Desde 1946 o jejum pré-operatório vem sendo discutido, apesar de já se saber que um paciente está sujeitoa complicações, por estar com estômago cheio no momento da indução anestésica. Mais de 60 anosdepois do primeiro trabalho relacionado ao tema, ainda não existe consenso, sobre qual o período idealde jejum que o paciente deve ser submetido antes de uma intervenção cirúrgica. Dessa forma, este estudotem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre jejum pré-operatório, enfatizando o temporecomendado presente na literatura, e suas particularidades.(AU)

Since 1946 the preoperative fasting has been discussed and despite of the know ledgement that a patient isprone to complications related to a full stomach at the time of induction of anesthesia. There is no consensus,over 60 years after the first report related to the theme on which the ideal period of fasting that the patient mustbe submitted prior to a surgical intervention. Thus, this study aimed at conducting a literature review on preoperative fasting, emphasizing the time recommended in the existing literature, as well as their particularities.(AU)

Métodos de coleta e a qualidade do esfregaço no exame citopatológico / Collection methods and the quality of cytopathology examination

O exame citopatológico é uma ferramenta diagnóstica de grande importância na triagem de diversasmorbidades tegumentares. Suas técnicas são relativamente simples, de baixo custo e minimamente invasiva.Sua análise é baseada nas características morfológicas de um pequeno conjunto de células, as quaisse esfoliam, quer seja por impressão, escarificação, punção por agulha fina, com ou sem aspiração. Pornão apresentar uma organização arquitetural do tecido, o diagnóstico citopatológico exige do médicoveterinário que efetuará a coleta, um maior domínio e conhecimento da aplicação dos métodos existentes.Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever os métodos de coleta, suas vantagens e desvantagenspara cada tipo de lesão, e a confecção de esfregaços que subsidiem um diagnóstico confiável. (AU)

The cytopathology exam is a diagnostic tool of great importance in the screening of several cutaneousmorbidities. Its techniques are relatively simple, low cost and minimally invasive. The analysis is basedon morphological characteristics of a small group of cells, which exfoliate either by imprint, scarification,and fine needle punction with or without aspiration. By not presenting an architectural organizationof the tissue, the cytology diagnosis demands of the veterinary that will collect the sample a goodmastery and knowledge of the existing methods. The objective of this study is to describe collectionmethods, the advantages and disadvantages for each type of lesion, and the preparation of smears thatsupport a reliable diagnosis. (AU)

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino - tratamento com quimioterapia associado à criocirurgia / Canine transmissible veneral tumor - associated with chemotherapy treatment cryosurgery

O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível é uma neoplasia sexualmente transmissível caracterizada por lesões proliferativas que acomete caninos machos e fêmeas mais jovens, com vida sexual ativa. A neoplasia é vista em vestíbulo e/ou vagina, vulva, pênis e outras regiões de face como focinho, olho e boca. Menoscomumente pode acometer pele e outros tecidos. O tumor venéreo transmissível é a segunda neoplasia demaior incidência em cães. Esse trabalho objetiva relatar um caso clínico atendido na Clínica VeterináriaTrato Vet, em Campinas, submetido a um tratamento eficaz com quimioterapia associado a criocirurgia. (AU)

The Transmissible Venereal Tumor is a neoplasm characterized by sexually transmitted proliferativelesions affecting canines males and females younger, sexually active. The tumor is seen in foyers or vagina,vulva, penis and other parts of the face such as nose, eye and mouth. Less commonly infects skinand other tissues. The transmissible venereal tumor is the second highest incidence of cancer in dogs.This paper aims to review the literature on the subject. Commentetio pathogenic the ories, diagnosis, presentation and treatments available. A case will be treated in clinical Veterinary Clinic Trato Vet in Campinas, this being a case of partial response to treatment more usual, how ever, responsive to theuse of cryosurgery. (AU)