Safety of antitheilerial drug buparvaquone in rams

Background: Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria strains of the protozoan species. Buparvaquone is the mostly preferred drug in the treatment theileriosis, while it is safety in sheep, has not been detailed investigated. It has been hypothesized that buparvaquone may show side effects and these effects may be defined some parameters measured from blood in sheep when it is used at the recommended dose and duration. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of buparvaquone on the blood oxidative status, cardiac, hepatic and renal damage and bone marrow function markers.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, ten adult (> 2 years) Akkaraman rams were used. Healthy rams were placed in paddocks, provided water ad libitum, and fed with appropriate rations during the experiment. Buparvaquone was administered at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) intramuscularly twice at 3-day intervals. Blood samples were obtained before (0. h, Control) and after drug administration at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The blood samples were transferred to gel tubes, and the sera were removed (2000 g, 15 min). During the study, the heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured at each sampling time. In addition, the animals were clinically observed. Plasma oxidative status markers (Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), serum cardiac (Troponin I, creatine kinase-MBmass, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic (Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin) and renal (Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) damage markers and hemogram values (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemogram, hematocrit) were measured.[...]

Safety of antitheilerial drug buparvaquone in rams

Background: Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria strains of the protozoan species. Buparvaquone is the mostly preferred drug in the treatment theileriosis, while it is safety in sheep, has not been detailed investigated. It has been hypothesized that buparvaquone may show side effects and these effects may be defined some parameters measured from blood in sheep when it is used at the recommended dose and duration. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of buparvaquone on the blood oxidative status, cardiac, hepatic and renal damage and bone marrow function markers.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, ten adult (> 2 years) Akkaraman rams were used. Healthy rams were placed in paddocks, provided water ad libitum, and fed with appropriate rations during the experiment. Buparvaquone was administered at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) intramuscularly twice at 3-day intervals. Blood samples were obtained before (0. h, Control) and after drug administration at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The blood samples were transferred to gel tubes, and the sera were removed (2000 g, 15 min). During the study, the heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured at each sampling time. In addition, the animals were clinically observed. Plasma oxidative status markers (Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), serum cardiac (Troponin I, creatine kinase-MBmass, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic (Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin) and renal (Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) damage markers and hemogram values (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemogram, hematocrit) were measured.[...](AU)

Pentoxifylline may restore kanamycin-induced renal damage in rats

Background: Kidney damage can be caused by many factors, such as using certain drugs in high doses or over the long term. The use of one such group of drugs, aminoglycosides, which act as Gram-negative antibacterial therapeutic agents, can lead to nephrotoxicity. It has been hypothesized that aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity might be prevented by using pentoxifylline, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and improves microcirculation. The objective of this present research was to determine the protective effects of pentoxifylline on kanamycin-induced kidney damage.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, pentoxifylline, kanamycin, and kanamycin + pentoxifylline. The control group received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 0.5 mL normal saline solution once a day (d) (SID) for 20 d; the pentoxifylline group received IP injections of 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline twice a day (BID) for 20 d, the kanamycin group received subcutaneous (SC) injections of 500 mg/kg kanamycin SID for 20 d, and the kanamycin + pentoxifylline group received both SC injections of 500 mg/kg kanamycin SID and IP injections of 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline BID for 20 d. At the end of 20 d, blood samples were taken from the heart by cardiac puncture under general anesthesia. After euthanizing the rats by cervical dislocation under anesthesia, the kidneys were immediately removed, relative kidney weights were calculated, and routine pathologic evaluations were conducted. Hemogram parameters were measured using a blood cell count apparatus and serum biochemical parameters were measured using an autoanalyzer. Kanamycin also caused (P < 0.05) tubular degeneration and tubular dilatation. Although pentoxifylline significantly reduced the level of kanamycin-induced tubular degeneration (P < 0.05), it did not significantly reduce tubular dilatation.[...]

Pentoxifylline may restore kanamycin-induced renal damage in rats

Background: Kidney damage can be caused by many factors, such as using certain drugs in high doses or over the long term. The use of one such group of drugs, aminoglycosides, which act as Gram-negative antibacterial therapeutic agents, can lead to nephrotoxicity. It has been hypothesized that aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity might be prevented by using pentoxifylline, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and improves microcirculation. The objective of this present research was to determine the protective effects of pentoxifylline on kanamycin-induced kidney damage.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, pentoxifylline, kanamycin, and kanamycin + pentoxifylline. The control group received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 0.5 mL normal saline solution once a day (d) (SID) for 20 d; the pentoxifylline group received IP injections of 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline twice a day (BID) for 20 d, the kanamycin group received subcutaneous (SC) injections of 500 mg/kg kanamycin SID for 20 d, and the kanamycin + pentoxifylline group received both SC injections of 500 mg/kg kanamycin SID and IP injections of 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline BID for 20 d. At the end of 20 d, blood samples were taken from the heart by cardiac puncture under general anesthesia. After euthanizing the rats by cervical dislocation under anesthesia, the kidneys were immediately removed, relative kidney weights were calculated, and routine pathologic evaluations were conducted. Hemogram parameters were measured using a blood cell count apparatus and serum biochemical parameters were measured using an autoanalyzer. Kanamycin also caused (P < 0.05) tubular degeneration and tubular dilatation. Although pentoxifylline significantly reduced the level of kanamycin-induced tubular degeneration (P < 0.05), it did not significantly reduce tubular dilatation.[...](AU)