Carriage frequency, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dialysis and kidney tranplant patients at a hosptial in northern Paraná

The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among dialysis and kidney transplant patients, to identify the antimicrobial resistance profile of these strains and to verify their genetic profiles with the RW3A primer. The study included 159 individuals, comprising 111 dialysis and 48 kidney transplant patients. Of the 48 transplant patients, 75% were positive for S. aureus, whereas 49% of the 111 dialysis patients were carriers. Two samples yielded conflicting results for oxacillin sensitivity between the disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays: both were sensitive by the disk diffusion assay and resistant by MIC (4 g/ml). In the antibiogram by disk diffusion, ten samples were resistant to cefoxitin, among which eight were also resistant to oxacillin. The resistance of the ten samples to cefoxitin by the disk diffusion assay was confirmed by MIC. Of the ten oxacillin-resistant samples, eight harbored the mecA gene. All samples were sensitive to vancomycin, and most were resistant to penicillin and demonstrated high rates of resistance to the other antimicrobials tested. The samples from dialysis patients exhibited a more homogenous genetic profile. Among the samples with a high percent similarity, no correlation with sensitivity or resistance to oxacillin was observed. According to the results of this study, the implementation of prevention and control measures, such as increased restrictions on prescriptions for antimicrobial drugs and nasal decontamination prior to high-risk procedures, is recommended.

Detection of quinolone-resistance mutations in Salmonella spp. strains of epidemic and poultry origin

Mutations into codons Aspartate-87 (62%) and Serine-83 (38%) in QRDR of gyrA were identified in 105 Salmonella strains resistant to nalidixic acid (94 epidemic and 11 of poultry origin). The results show a high incidence of mutations associated to quinolone resistance but suggest association with others mechanisms of resistance.

Bacteriological analysis of water in dental units / Análise bacteriológica da água de equipos odontológicos

Although, in recent years, great efforts have been made to inform and make health professionals aware of the importance of sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis, little considerations have been shown in relation to the quality of the water of dental unit systems. In the present work 72 samples of water from 68 dental equipments and 4 faucets were submitted to bacteriological analysis, with the objective of detecting heterothrophic bacteria and coliform group. The samples collected from the faucets were compatible with the water potability patterns. In contrast, 63 (92.7%) of the 68 samples obtained from the dental unit water systems were considered contaminated and only 5 (7.3%) were in agreement with the potability patterns. It was observed that 42 water samples (61.8%) were heavily contaminated, 14 (20.6%) presented moderate index of contamination and 7 (10.3%) were slightly contaminated. The results suggest the need of decontamination of water reservoirs and hoses of these equipments

Nos últimos anos, grande esforço tem sido feito para conscientizar os profissionais da saúde sobre a importância dos processos de esterilização e anti-sepsia. Entretanto, pouca atenção tem sido dispensada pelos cirurgiões-dentistas à qualidade da água utilizada na prática odontológica. Neste trabalho, realizamos 72 análises bacteriológicas em amostras de água de 68 equipos odontológicos e de 4 torneiras, para verificar a qualidade microbiológica da água, através da contagem de bactérias heterotróficas e pesquisa de coliformes. As amostras coletadas das torneiras apresentaram valores compatíveis com os padrões de potabilidade. Das 68 amostras obtidas dos equipos 63 (92,7%) estavam contaminadas e 5 (7,3%) estavam dentro dos padrões de potabilidade. Observou-se que 42 equipos (61,8%) continham água acentuadamente contaminada, 14 (20,6%) apresentaram índice moderado de contaminação e 7 (10,3%) estavam com a água levemente contaminada. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de cuidados especiais, tais como a descontaminação e a desinfecção periódica dos sistemas de água dos equipos

Bacteriological analysis of water in dental units / Análise bacteriológica da água de equipos odontológicos

Although, in recent years, great efforts have been made to inform and make health professionals aware of the importance of sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis, little considerations have been shown in relation to the quality of the water of dental unit systems. In the present work 72 samples of water from 68 dental equipments and 4 faucets were submitted to bacteriological analysis, with the objective of detecting heterothrophic bacteria and coliform group. The samples collected from the faucets were compatible with the water potability patterns. In contrast, 63 (92.7%) of the 68 samples obtained from the dental unit water systems were considered contaminated and only 5 (7.3%) were in agreement with the potability patterns. It was observed that 42 water samples (61.8%) were heavily contaminated, 14 (20.6%) presented moderate index of contamination and 7 (10.3%) were slightly contaminated. The results suggest the need of decontamination of water reservoirs and hoses of these equipments

Nos últimos anos, grande esforço tem sido feito para conscientizar os profissionais da saúde sobre a importância dos processos de esterilização e anti-sepsia. Entretanto, pouca atenção tem sido dispensada pelos cirurgiões-dentistas à qualidade da água utilizada na prática odontológica. Neste trabalho, realizamos 72 análises bacteriológicas em amostras de água de 68 equipos odontológicos e de 4 torneiras, para verificar a qualidade microbiológica da água, através da contagem de bactérias heterotróficas e pesquisa de coliformes. As amostras coletadas das torneiras apresentaram valores compatíveis com os padrões de potabilidade. Das 68 amostras obtidas dos equipos 63 (92,7%) estavam contaminadas e 5 (7,3%) estavam dentro dos padrões de potabilidade. Observou-se que 42 equipos (61,8%) continham água acentuadamente contaminada, 14 (20,6%) apresentaram índice moderado de contaminação e 7 (10,3%) estavam com a água levemente contaminada. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de cuidados especiais, tais como a descontaminação e a desinfecção periódica dos sistemas de água dos equipos