Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius clonal groups isolated from canine pyoderma in Brazil

Background: Since the early reports of mecA-positive Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius isolates in the United States and in Europe were published, the frequency of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has increased among skin disease cases in dogs in many countries. Moreover, MRSP isolates frequently present a multi-drug resistant profile, which include most drugs used for the skin disease treatment. The distribution of multi- drug resistant MRSP clonal groups in turn varies according to geographic region. Despite the large dog population in Brazil, no data on the MRSP resistance profile or clonal groups have been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and clonal relationships of MRSP isolates originating from dogs affected by recurrent skin diseases.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty-one epidemiologically unrelated isolates originating from dogs inflicted with a recurrent skin disease, which were treated at the Veterinary Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) in Porto Alegre, were included in this study. The isolates suspected of being MRSP were subjected to PCR analysis to confirm their identity. Identifications were made using PCR analysis that targeted the mecA gene and PCRRFLP that targeted the pta gene. Isolates were further assessed by a disc diffusion test for resistance to 13 antimicrobials. Clonal groups were determined according to spa typing and SmaI fingerprinting (Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis-PFGE) profiles. All 21 isolates were confirmed to be MRSP and displayed a multiple resistance profile. In total, 4 different spa types were identified, and the most prevalent was a novel spa type (tyA) described in this study. SmaI-macrorestriction analysis demonstrated that the MRSP isolates presented between seven and twelve fragments and were distributed among 15 PFGE profiles.[...](AU)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius clonal groups isolated from canine pyoderma in Brazil

Background: Since the early reports of mecA-positive Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius isolates in the United States and in Europe were published, the frequency of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has increased among skin disease cases in dogs in many countries. Moreover, MRSP isolates frequently present a multi-drug resistant profile, which include most drugs used for the skin disease treatment. The distribution of multi- drug resistant MRSP clonal groups in turn varies according to geographic region. Despite the large dog population in Brazil, no data on the MRSP resistance profile or clonal groups have been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and clonal relationships of MRSP isolates originating from dogs affected by recurrent skin diseases.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty-one epidemiologically unrelated isolates originating from dogs inflicted with a recurrent skin disease, which were treated at the Veterinary Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) in Porto Alegre, were included in this study. The isolates suspected of being MRSP were subjected to PCR analysis to confirm their identity. Identifications were made using PCR analysis that targeted the mecA gene and PCRRFLP that targeted the pta gene. Isolates were further assessed by a disc diffusion test for resistance to 13 antimicrobials. Clonal groups were determined according to spa typing and SmaI fingerprinting (Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis-PFGE) profiles. All 21 isolates were confirmed to be MRSP and displayed a multiple resistance profile. In total, 4 different spa types were identified, and the most prevalent was a novel spa type (tyA) described in this study. SmaI-macrorestriction analysis demonstrated that the MRSP isolates presented between seven and twelve fragments and were distributed among 15 PFGE profiles.[...]

Mass-rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly using low-cost yeast products produced in Brazil

Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important pests of fruits for exportation, and Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been the most efficient and environmental friendly technique used to control fruit fly populations around the world. A key goal in achieving a successful SIT program is a mass rearing system producing high quality insects at low cost. Providing adults with an artificial diet containing hydrolysed protein has been the major obstacle for bio-production facilities in Brazil, because it is expensive and has to be imported. Two other commercial products, autolysed yeast (AY) and yeast extract (YE), of domestic origin and low cost, were tested as substitutes of the imported hydrolyzed protein. To compare their efficiency we observed the female fecundity, adult survival and egg viability of flies raised on diets containing one of each of the different protein products. Flies reared on the domestic yeast products had equivalent or superior performance to the flies reared on imported protein. Both AY and YE can be a possible substitute for imported hydrolyzed protein for C. capitata mass-rearing, as they are cheaper and are readily available in the national market.

Mass-rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly using low-cost yeast products produced in Brazil

Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important pests of fruits for exportation, and Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been the most efficient and environmental friendly technique used to control fruit fly populations around the world. A key goal in achieving a successful SIT program is a mass rearing system producing high quality insects at low cost. Providing adults with an artificial diet containing hydrolysed protein has been the major obstacle for bio-production facilities in Brazil, because it is expensive and has to be imported. Two other commercial products, autolysed yeast (AY) and yeast extract (YE), of domestic origin and low cost, were tested as substitutes of the imported hydrolyzed protein. To compare their efficiency we observed the female fecundity, adult survival and egg viability of flies raised on diets containing one of each of the different protein products. Flies reared on the domestic yeast products had equivalent or superior performance to the flies reared on imported protein. Both AY and YE can be a possible substitute for imported hydrolyzed protein for C. capitata mass-rearing, as they are cheaper and are readily available in the national market.