Resumo
The aim of the study was to evaluate analgesia and cardiorespiratory alterations produced by morphine or fentanil epidural during atlanto-axial biopsy, besides the postoperative analgesic quality promoted by those drugs. In a blind study, 16 mixed healthy dogs were used. After preanesthetic medication with 0,1mg/kg of acepromazine IV, they received 0,1mg/kg of morphine (GM) or 4µg/kg of fentanil (GF) epidural with lidocaine, resulting in 0,25ml/kg final volume. Anesthesia was obtained with 4mg/kg of propofol following halothane. HR, SAP, MAP, DAP, f, SpO2 and TºC were measured. Halothane vaporization was adapted according to MAP, maintaining it between 70 and 90mmHg. Postoperative evaluations were done at 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post-epidural. There was reduction of halothane vaporization in both groups. SAP and MAP decreased considerably 20 min post-epidural in both groups. Apnea was observed in five animals of GF and two animals of GM, which were maintained under artificial ventilation. The groups did not differ themselves on postoperative evaluation. However, two animals of GF needed supplementary analgesia, suggesting inferiority as postoperative analgesic. It was concluded that two opioids reduced halothane demand significantly, evidencing trans-operative analgesic effect. However, fentanil promoted marked breathing depression in that perio
O estudo objetivou avaliar a analgesia e alterações cardiopulmonares produzidas pela morfina ou fentanil administrados por via epidural durante biópsia atlanto-axial, além da qualidade analgésica pós-operatória promovida por esses fármacos. Em estudo cego, foram avaliados 16 cães os quais, após medicação pré-anestésica com 0,1mg/kg de acepromazina IV, receberam 0,1mg/kg de morfina (GM) ou 4µg/kg de fentanil (GF) por via epidural, associados à lidocaína, resultando em um volume final de 0,25ml/kg. Prosseguiu-se a anestesia com 4mg/kg de propofol, mantendo-se com halotano. Foram avaliados FC, PAS, PAM, PAD, f, SpO2 e TºC. A vaporização de halotano foi adequada de acordo com a PAM, mantendo-a entre 70 e 90mmHg. A avaliação pós-operatória ocorreu às 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 e 24 horas pós epidural. Houve redução da vaporização em ambos os grupos. A PAS e a PAM diminuíram consideravelmente aos 20 min pós epidural nos dois grupos. Cinco animais do GF e dois animais do GM apresentaram apnéia, sendo mantidos sob ventilaçã
Resumo
Empregou-se a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) de baixa freqüência no músculo quadríceps femoral de cães com atrofia induzida e avaliou-se a ocorrência de ganho de massa nessa musculatura. Foram utilizados oito cães com pesos entre 15 e 30kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados de I ou controle e II ou tratado. A articulação femorotibiopatelar esquerda foi imobilizada por 30 dias pelo método de transfixação percutânea tipo II, com retirada de aparelho de imobilização após esse período. Decorridas 48 horas da remoção, foi realizada a EENM nos cães do grupo II, cinco vezes por semana, com intervalo de 24 horas cada sessão, pelo período de 60 dias. Foram avaliadas a circunferência da coxa, a goniometria do joelho, a análise clínica da marcha, as enzimas creatina-quinase (CK) e aspartato-amino-transferase (AST) e a morfometria das fibras musculares em cortes transversais do músculo vasto lateral colhido mediante biópsia muscular. A EENM foi empregada no músculo quadríceps femoral na freqüência de 50Hz, duração de pulso de 300 milisegundos e relação de tempo on/off de 1:2. Quanto à morfometria das fibras do músculo vasto lateral, no grupo tratado houve aumento significativo (P<0,05) da área transversal aos 90 dias em relação ao dia zero. A EENM de baixa freqüência ocasiona hipertrofia do músculo vasto lateral em cães após a imobilização rígida temporária da articulação do joelho.(AU)
Low frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was used on the femoral quadriceps of dogs with induced muscular atrophy and the occurrence of gain in mass in these muscles was evaluated. Eight dogs from 15 to 30kg were randomly distributed in two groups named I, or control; and II, or treated. For the induction of muscular atrophy, the left femoral-tibial-patellar joint was immobilized for 30 days by percutaneous transfixation type II. After 30 days, the immobilization device was removed. The NMES treatment began 48 hours after the removal of the immobilization device of the dogs of group II, and it was carried out five times per week with an interval of 24 hours between each session, for 60 days. The following parameters were measured: thigh circumference, goniometry of the knee, clinical gait analysis, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes, and morphometry of the muscular fibers in transversal cuts of the vastus lateralis muscle collected through muscular biopsy. The NMES was applied on the femoral quadriceps at a frequency of 50 Hz, with pulse duration of 300 milliseconds, and the on/off time was at a proportion of 1:2. Regarding the morphometry of the vastus lateralis fibers, a significant increase (P<0.05) in the transversal area of the treated group at 90 days was observed when compared with that identified at the time of immobilization. Thus, it can be concluded that low frequency NMES brings about hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs after temporary rigid immobilization of the knee joint.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Artropatias/epidemiologia , Artropatias/veterinária , Hipertrofia , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Atrofia , Imobilização , CãesResumo
The aim of the study was to evaluate analgesia and cardiorespiratory alterations produced by morphine or fentanil epidural during atlanto-axial biopsy, besides the postoperative analgesic quality promoted by those drugs. In a blind study, 16 mixed healthy dogs were used. After preanesthetic medication with 0,1mg/kg of acepromazine IV, they received 0,1mg/kg of morphine (GM) or 4µg/kg of fentanil (GF) epidural with lidocaine, resulting in 0,25ml/kg final volume. Anesthesia was obtained with 4mg/kg of propofol following halothane. HR, SAP, MAP, DAP, f, SpO2 and TºC were measured. Halothane vaporization was adapted according to MAP, maintaining it between 70 and 90mmHg. Postoperative evaluations were done at 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post-epidural. There was reduction of halothane vaporization in both groups. SAP and MAP decreased considerably 20 min post-epidural in both groups. Apnea was observed in five animals of GF and two animals of GM, which were maintained under artificial ventilation. The groups did not differ themselves on postoperative evaluation. However, two animals of GF needed supplementary analgesia, suggesting inferiority as postoperative analgesic. It was concluded that two opioids reduced halothane demand significantly, evidencing trans-operative analgesic effect. However, fentanil promoted marked breathing depression in that perio
O estudo objetivou avaliar a analgesia e alterações cardiopulmonares produzidas pela morfina ou fentanil administrados por via epidural durante biópsia atlanto-axial, além da qualidade analgésica pós-operatória promovida por esses fármacos. Em estudo cego, foram avaliados 16 cães os quais, após medicação pré-anestésica com 0,1mg/kg de acepromazina IV, receberam 0,1mg/kg de morfina (GM) ou 4µg/kg de fentanil (GF) por via epidural, associados à lidocaína, resultando em um volume final de 0,25ml/kg. Prosseguiu-se a anestesia com 4mg/kg de propofol, mantendo-se com halotano. Foram avaliados FC, PAS, PAM, PAD, f, SpO2 e TºC. A vaporização de halotano foi adequada de acordo com a PAM, mantendo-a entre 70 e 90mmHg. A avaliação pós-operatória ocorreu às 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 e 24 horas pós epidural. Houve redução da vaporização em ambos os grupos. A PAS e a PAM diminuíram consideravelmente aos 20 min pós epidural nos dois grupos. Cinco animais do GF e dois animais do GM apresentaram apnéia, sendo mantidos sob ventilaçã
Resumo
The aim of the study was to evaluate analgesia and cardiorespiratory alterations produced by morphine or fentanil epidural during atlanto-axial biopsy, besides the postoperative analgesic quality promoted by those drugs. In a blind study, 16 mixed healthy dogs were used. After preanesthetic medication with 0,1mg/kg of acepromazine IV, they received 0,1mg/kg of morphine (GM) or 4µg/kg of fentanil (GF) epidural with lidocaine, resulting in 0,25ml/kg final volume. Anesthesia was obtained with 4mg/kg of propofol following halothane. HR, SAP, MAP, DAP, f, SpO2 and TºC were measured. Halothane vaporization was adapted according to MAP, maintaining it between 70 and 90mmHg. Postoperative evaluations were done at 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post-epidural. There was reduction of halothane vaporization in both groups. SAP and MAP decreased considerably 20 min post-epidural in both groups. Apnea was observed in five animals of GF and two animals of GM, which were maintained under artificial ventilation. The groups did not differ themselves on postoperative evaluation. However, two animals of GF needed supplementary analgesia, suggesting inferiority as postoperative analgesic. It was concluded that two opioids reduced halothane demand significantly, evidencing trans-operative analgesic effect. However, fentanil promoted marked breathing depression in that perio
O estudo objetivou avaliar a analgesia e alterações cardiopulmonares produzidas pela morfina ou fentanil administrados por via epidural durante biópsia atlanto-axial, além da qualidade analgésica pós-operatória promovida por esses fármacos. Em estudo cego, foram avaliados 16 cães os quais, após medicação pré-anestésica com 0,1mg/kg de acepromazina IV, receberam 0,1mg/kg de morfina (GM) ou 4µg/kg de fentanil (GF) por via epidural, associados à lidocaína, resultando em um volume final de 0,25ml/kg. Prosseguiu-se a anestesia com 4mg/kg de propofol, mantendo-se com halotano. Foram avaliados FC, PAS, PAM, PAD, f, SpO2 e TºC. A vaporização de halotano foi adequada de acordo com a PAM, mantendo-a entre 70 e 90mmHg. A avaliação pós-operatória ocorreu às 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 e 24 horas pós epidural. Houve redução da vaporização em ambos os grupos. A PAS e a PAM diminuíram consideravelmente aos 20 min pós epidural nos dois grupos. Cinco animais do GF e dois animais do GM apresentaram apnéia, sendo mantidos sob ventilaçã