Resumo
ABSTRACT Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is an important pathogen, causing both food poisoning outbreaks in humans and economic losses to the poultry industry, being also widely spread in the environment. This work aimed to identify SE phage types and to standardize the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for evaluating SE isolates obtained from different origins. To do so, 238 SE strains were selected, of which 104 were isolated from broiler carcasses, 106 from food samples and human biological materials involved in food poisoning outbreaks and 28 from different poultry materials. Among these 238 SE isolates, 111 were phage typed, and 57.7% (64/ 111) corresponded to phage type (PT) 4, 32.4% (36/111) to PT 4a, 3.6% (4/111) to PT 6a and 0.9% (1/111) to PT 7, whereas 5.4% .6/111) of the strains were not typeable (RDNC, reacts but does not conform). After the standardization of amplification conditions, all 238 SE isolates were submitted to RAPD/PCR. Among these, 91.8% (217/238) were classified as pattern A. Twenty-one isolates were differentiated into four patterns and into seven subtypes with the use of primer 1254, and into four patterns and ten subtypes using primer OPB 17. The combination of phage typing and RAPD/PCR proved to be a useful tool in epidemiological investigations. RAPD/PCR can be easily used as a routine laboratory method, thus helping with the monitoring of SE isolates and contributing to the establishment of effective Salmonella Enteritidis control and preventive programs.
RESUMO Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) é um patógeno de importância destacada como causa de toxinfecções alimentares em humanos, prejuízos ao setor produtivo e ampla disseminação no ambiente. Este trabalho objetivou identificar fagotipos e padronizar a RAPD/PCR (DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso) para a avaliação de isolados de SE. Foram selecionadas 238 amostras, sendo 104 oriundas de carcaças de frango, 106 de alimentos e material biológico de humanos isolados em episódios de toxinfecções alimentares e 28 de materiais de origem avícola. Foram fagotipadas 111 amostras sendo 57,7% (64/111) do fagotipo 4, 32,4% (36/111) fagotipo 4a, 3,6% (4/111) fagotipo 6a e 0,9% (1/111) fagotipo 7, enquanto 5,4% (6/111) não foram fagotipáveis (RDNC, reagent do not conform). Para a RAPD/PCR foram utilizados 238 isolados de SE. Destes, 91,8% (217/238) foram enquadrados no padrão A e 21 isolados (8,8%) foram diferenciados em quatro padrões e sete subtipos com o primer 1254 e em quatro padrões e dez subtipos com o primer OPB 17. A facilidade de execução da RAPD/PCR, após padronizada, habilita a sua implantação em uma rotina laboratorial, auxiliando na monitoria dos isolados de SE e, conseqüentemente, contribuindo para a elaboração de programas efetivos de controle e prevenção de S. Enteritidis.
Resumo
The present work was carried out to compare Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) antibody titers in serum and egg yolk samples from laying hens. Sixty paired blood and egg samples were collected from laying hens of two farms. Serum samples were frozen, while egg yolk samples were diluted (1:500) before freezing. Serum and yolk samples were tested for the presence of IBV antibodies by indirect ELISA (commercial kit) and titers were compared by a correlation test (alpha=0.05). There was a high correlation (r=0.62) between the two kinds of samples, which means that titers of IBV antibodies in the egg yolk and in serum samples are quite the same. Considering that blood collection causes deep stress that leads to economic losses, and since eggs are collected daily on the farm, results reported here are of importance to poultry production.
Resumo
The present work was carried out to compare Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) antibody titers in serum and egg yolk samples from laying hens. Sixty paired blood and egg samples were collected from laying hens of two farms. Serum samples were frozen, while egg yolk samples were diluted (1:500) before freezing. Serum and yolk samples were tested for the presence of IBV antibodies by indirect ELISA (commercial kit) and titers were compared by a correlation test (alpha=0.05). There was a high correlation (r=0.62) between the two kinds of samples, which means that titers of IBV antibodies in the egg yolk and in serum samples are quite the same. Considering that blood collection causes deep stress that leads to economic losses, and since eggs are collected daily on the farm, results reported here are of importance to poultry production.