Initiation and s uppression of sperm motility is osmolality dependent in two South American fish species: streaked prochilod (Prochilodus lineatus) and piracanjuba(Brycon orbignyanus)

Solutions to induce or suppress the initiation of sperm motility in fish ha ve been used to improve reproductive success during artificial fertilization and preservation techniques . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three solutions (NaCl, glucose , and BTS™) - each prepared with 10 different osmolalities - on the initiation and suppression of fresh sperm motility in Prochilodus lineat us and Brycon orbignyanus . Sperm was diluted in each of the 30 solution s and immediately observed under a light microscope to determine which solution s trigger ed or suppress ed the initiation of sperm motility. When present, motility rate ( % motile sperm ) w as determined at 0, 30 , and 120 s post - activation and the motility quality score ranging from 0 ( no movement ) to 5 ( rapidly swimming sperm) was determined at 0 and 30 s post - activation . Osmolality , but not solution composition , significantly affected both motility rate and quality score . Solutions at osmolali ties up to 270 mOsm/kg in P. lineatus and up to 180 mOsm/kg in B. orbignyanus induced motility in at least 60% of sperm , with a minimum quality score of 3.0 , and were therefore classified as activating agents. The greatest motility at 0 , 30 , and 120 s post - activation was observed with solutions ranging from 135 to 225 mOsm/kg for P. lineatus and at 135 mOsm/kg for B. orbignyanus . On the other hand, solutions ranging from 360 to 450 mOsm/kg in P. lineatus and 270 to 450 mOsm/kg in B. orbignyanus suppressed motility in at least 95% of sperm and were classified as immobilizing media . The osmolality of the surrounding medium is the key factor in the initiation or suppression of sperm motility in P. lineatus a nd B. orbignyanu.

Initiation and s uppression of sperm motility is osmolality dependent in two South American fish species: streaked prochilod (Prochilodus lineatus) and piracanjuba(Brycon orbignyanus)

Solutions to induce or suppress the initiation of sperm motility in fish ha ve been used to improve reproductive success during artificial fertilization and preservation techniques . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three solutions (NaCl, glucose , and BTS™) - each prepared with 10 different osmolalities - on the initiation and suppression of fresh sperm motility in Prochilodus lineat us and Brycon orbignyanus . Sperm was diluted in each of the 30 solution s and immediately observed under a light microscope to determine which solution s trigger ed or suppress ed the initiation of sperm motility. When present, motility rate ( % motile sperm ) w as determined at 0, 30 , and 120 s post - activation and the motility quality score ranging from 0 ( no movement ) to 5 ( rapidly swimming sperm) was determined at 0 and 30 s post - activation . Osmolality , but not solution composition , significantly affected both motility rate and quality score . Solutions at osmolali ties up to 270 mOsm/kg in P. lineatus and up to 180 mOsm/kg in B. orbignyanus induced motility in at least 60% of sperm , with a minimum quality score of 3.0 , and were therefore classified as activating agents. The greatest motility at 0 , 30 , and 120 s post - activation was observed with solutions ranging from 135 to 225 mOsm/kg for P. lineatus and at 135 mOsm/kg for B. orbignyanus . On the other hand, solutions ranging from 360 to 450 mOsm/kg in P. lineatus and 270 to 450 mOsm/kg in B. orbignyanus suppressed motility in at least 95% of sperm and were classified as immobilizing media . The osmolality of the surrounding medium is the key factor in the initiation or suppression of sperm motility in P. lineatus a nd B. orbignyanu.(AU)

Avaliação do consumo de leite e produtos lácteos informais e do conhecimento da população sobre os seus agravos à saúde pública, em um município do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Evaluation of consumption of milk and its informal derivatives and the knowledge of the population about the public health problems in a municipal district in São Paulo, Brazil

O leite é um alimento de elevado valor nutricional e considerado um dos principais produtos de origem animal consumidos nos dias de hoje. O Brasil destaca-se como um dos principais produtores de leite do mundo e desde 2006 vem apresentando aumento crescente em sua produção. Por outro lado, também se observa desde o início da década de 1990, crescimento do chamado leite e produtos lácteos informais (alimentos comercializados sem qualquer tipo de inspeção), representando desafio a ser vencido com relação à segurança alimentar. Muitas são as enfermidades que podem ser transmitidas por esses alimentos, como por exemplo, a tuberculose e a brucelose e poucos são os consumidores que estão atentos a essas informações. O fato agrava-se ao pensar que o leite e os produtos lácteos compõem a dieta de muitas crianças, idosos e pessoas imunocomprometidas, o que pode tornar esse quadro mais grave. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio da aplicação de questionários em 23 bairros do município de São José do Rio Preto, o perfil de 805 entrevistados, que consomem ou não leite e produtos lácteos, o conhecimento que os mesmos apresentavam sobre as doenças transmitidas pelo leite e seus derivados e o significado dos selos dos Serviços de Inspeção. Como resultado, observou-se que 97,76% (787/805) dos entrevistados consomem leite ou seus derivados, e aproximadamente 30% são obtidos por meios informais de comércio. A forma de consumo desse produto é bastante variável, mas 3,93% (31/787) dos consumidores do município ainda ingerem leite cru sem a fervura ou pasteurização e 65,96% (531/805) dos consumidores desconhecem a possível transmissão de doenças através da ingestão do leite. Além disso, 80,24% (646/805) dos consumidores não procuram nas embalagens se o produto passou por algum tipo de fiscalização antes de chegar ao comércio - identificação através dos selos dos órgãos de inspeção sanitária. A obtenção desses dados visou...

Milk is a food of high nutritional value and is considered one of the main animal products consumed today. At the same time, Brazil stands out as one of the leading milk producers in the world and, since 2006 has been showing growing increase in its production. On the other hand, it is observed from the beginning of the 1990s, the growth of so-called informal milk and milk products (foods marketed without any kind of inspection), representing a challenge to be overcome related to food security. There are many diseases that can be transmitted by such foods, as tuberculosis and brucellosis, and there are few consumers who are aware of such information. The fact worsens the thought that milk and dairy products make up the diet of many children, elderly and weakened persons, which may make it more severe. Thus, this study aims to evaluate, through the use of questionnaires in 23 districts of São José do Rio Preto, the profile of 805 consumers or not, of milk and dairy products, the knowledge that they have about the diseases transmitted by milk and dairy products and the significance of the seals from Inspection Services. As a result, it was found that 97.76% (787/805) respondents consume milk or its derivatives, and about 30% are obtained by informal means of commerce. The form of consumption of this product is quite variable, but the work shows that 3.93% (31/787) of the consumers still ingest raw milk without boiling or pasteurization and 65.96% (531/805) of consumers are unaware of the possible transmission of disease by the ingestion of milk. Furthermore 80.24% (646/805) of consumers do not seek the packaging if the product has gone through some kind of supervision before reaching the trade - identification through stamps organs of sanitary inspection. Obtaining such data aims to collaborate in future for the development of prevent programs in the city, and the information...

Qualidade da água de bebedouros de consumo humano de diferentes locais da fcav unesp jaboticabal / quality of water in the fountains for human consumption of various departments at fcav, unesp, jaboticabal

A qualidade da água tem sido comprometida desde o manancial, pelo lançamento de efluentes e resíduos, o que exige investimento nas estações de tratamento e alterações na dosagem de produtos para se garantir a qualidade da água na saída das estações O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água de consumo humano de 11 diferentes locais da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ UNESP Jaboticabal, os quais são: Biblioteca, Departamento de Tecnologia, Micro-ondas, Departamento de Parasitologia veterinária, UAD, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Departamento de Anatomia e Fisiologia Animal, Hospital Veterinário, Unamos, Restaurante Universitário. A coleta foi feita diretamente dos bebedouros utilizando-se frascos e espátulas estéreis. A determinação do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli foi realizada pela técnica do substrato cromogênico-fluorogênico-hidrolizável (Colitag) (APHA, 998). Uma amostra de cada local foi coletada de bebe

Avaliação do consumo de leite e produtos lácteos informais e do conhecimento da população sobre os seus agravos à saúde pública, em um município do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Evaluation of consumption of milk and its informal derivatives and the knowledge of the population about the public health problems in a municipal district in São Paulo, Brazil

O leite é um alimento de elevado valor nutricional e considerado um dos principais produtos de origem animal consumidos nos dias de hoje. O Brasil destaca-se como um dos principais produtores de leite do mundo e desde 2006 vem apresentando aumento crescente em sua produção. Por outro lado, também se observa desde o início da década de 1990, crescimento do chamado leite e produtos lácteos informais (alimentos comercializados sem qualquer tipo de inspeção), representando desafio a ser vencido com relação à segurança alimentar. Muitas são as enfermidades que podem ser transmitidas por esses alimentos, como por exemplo, a tuberculose e a brucelose e poucos são os consumidores que estão atentos a essas informações. O fato agrava-se ao pensar que o leite e os produtos lácteos compõem a dieta de muitas crianças, idosos e pessoas imunocomprometidas, o que pode tornar esse quadro mais grave. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio da aplicação de questionários em 23 bairros do município de São José do Rio Preto, o perfil de 805 entrevistados, que consomem ou não leite e produtos lácteos, o conhecimento que os mesmos apresentavam sobre as doenças transmitidas pelo leite e seus derivados e o significado dos selos dos Serviços de Inspeção. Como resultado, observou-se que 97,76% (787/805) dos entrevistados consomem leite ou seus derivados, e aproximadamente 30% são obtidos por meios informais de comércio. A forma de consumo desse produto é bastante variável, mas 3,93% (31/787) dos consumidores do município ainda ingerem leite cru sem a fervura ou pasteurização e 65,96% (531/805) dos consumidores desconhecem a possível transmissão de doenças através da ingestão do leite. Além disso, 80,24% (646/805) dos consumidores não procuram nas embalagens se o produto passou por algum tipo de fiscalização antes de chegar ao comércio - identificação através dos selos dos órgãos de inspeção sanitária. A obtenção desses dados visou...(AU)

Milk is a food of high nutritional value and is considered one of the main animal products consumed today. At the same time, Brazil stands out as one of the leading milk producers in the world and, since 2006 has been showing growing increase in its production. On the other hand, it is observed from the beginning of the 1990s, the growth of so-called informal milk and milk products (foods marketed without any kind of inspection), representing a challenge to be overcome related to food security. There are many diseases that can be transmitted by such foods, as tuberculosis and brucellosis, and there are few consumers who are aware of such information. The fact worsens the thought that milk and dairy products make up the diet of many children, elderly and weakened persons, which may make it more severe. Thus, this study aims to evaluate, through the use of questionnaires in 23 districts of São José do Rio Preto, the profile of 805 consumers or not, of milk and dairy products, the knowledge that they have about the diseases transmitted by milk and dairy products and the significance of the seals from Inspection Services. As a result, it was found that 97.76% (787/805) respondents consume milk or its derivatives, and about 30% are obtained by informal means of commerce. The form of consumption of this product is quite variable, but the work shows that 3.93% (31/787) of the consumers still ingest raw milk without boiling or pasteurization and 65.96% (531/805) of consumers are unaware of the possible transmission of disease by the ingestion of milk. Furthermore 80.24% (646/805) of consumers do not seek the packaging if the product has gone through some kind of supervision before reaching the trade - identification through stamps organs of sanitary inspection. Obtaining such data aims to collaborate in future for the development of prevent programs in the city, and the information...(AU)

Extender composition, osmolality, cryoprotectan t and equilibration time effects on fresh sperm motility of two Characiformes fish: piracanjuba ( Brycon orbignyanus ) and streaked prochilod ( Prochilodus lineatus )

Studies regarding the effects of extender composition, osmolality, cryoprotectant (CPA) and equilibration time on the induction/suppression of sperm motility are necessary to establish standard activating agents and immobilizing media for improving both artificial fertilization and pr eservation techniques. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these factors on fresh sperm motility in piracanjuba ( Brycon orbignyanus ) and streaked prochilod ( Prochilodus lineatus ). Twenty four media, as a combination of six extenders (BTS™ and glucose solutions at 270, 315 and 360 mOsm/kg) with the CPAs DMSO, methanol, methyl glycol (MG) and a control without CPA, were prepared. Immediately after dilution, samples were observed under a light microscope to confirm whether different extender-CPA combinations would suppress the initiation of sperm motility. Motility was then triggered in 92 mOsm/kg NaCl and evaluated immediately after dilution (non-equilibrated samples) and after a 30-min equilibration time at 4°C for motility rate and motility quality score (0 = no movement; 5 = rapidly swimming sperm). In both species, motility was initiated in all samples diluted in BTS-270-control, Glu-270-MG, Glu- 270-control and in all combinations containing DMSO. In B. orbignyanus , motility rate (77 to 92%) and motility quality score (3.3 to 4.7) of non-equilitrated samples was not significantly affected by any parameter. After 30 min, however, motility quality score decreased in most of the samples, mainly when diluted in BTS™ (3.3 to 4.2). In P. lineatus , motility rate was significantly higher in non-equilibrated samples (overall mean = 83%) compared to 30-min equilibrated samples (overall mean = 75%). Motility quality score of non- equilibrated samples was not affected by any parameter (3.3 to 4.2), but samples equilibrated in DMSO yielded the lowest score (3.0). Sperm motility (rate and score) was affected differently in B. orbignyanus compared to P. lineatus , and this finding should be considered when developing a methodology for sperm cryopreservation.

Extender composition, osmolality, cryoprotectan t and equilibration time effects on fresh sperm motility of two Characiformes fish: piracanjuba ( Brycon orbignyanus ) and streaked prochilod ( Prochilodus lineatus )

Studies regarding the effects of extender composition, osmolality, cryoprotectant (CPA) and equilibration time on the induction/suppression of sperm motility are necessary to establish standard activating agents and immobilizing media for improving both artificial fertilization and pr eservation techniques. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these factors on fresh sperm motility in piracanjuba ( Brycon orbignyanus ) and streaked prochilod ( Prochilodus lineatus ). Twenty four media, as a combination of six extenders (BTS™ and glucose solutions at 270, 315 and 360 mOsm/kg) with the CPAs DMSO, methanol, methyl glycol (MG) and a control without CPA, were prepared. Immediately after dilution, samples were observed under a light microscope to confirm whether different extender-CPA combinations would suppress the initiation of sperm motility. Motility was then triggered in 92 mOsm/kg NaCl and evaluated immediately after dilution (non-equilibrated samples) and after a 30-min equilibration time at 4°C for motility rate and motility quality score (0 = no movement; 5 = rapidly swimming sperm). In both species, motility was initiated in all samples diluted in BTS-270-control, Glu-270-MG, Glu- 270-control and in all combinations containing DMSO. In B. orbignyanus , motility rate (77 to 92%) and motility quality score (3.3 to 4.7) of non-equilitrated samples was not significantly affected by any parameter. After 30 min, however, motility quality score decreased in most of the samples, mainly when diluted in BTS™ (3.3 to 4.2). In P. lineatus , motility rate was significantly higher in non-equilibrated samples (overall mean = 83%) compared to 30-min equilibrated samples (overall mean = 75%). Motility quality score of non- equilibrated samples was not affected by any parameter (3.3 to 4.2), but samples equilibrated in DMSO yielded the lowest score (3.0). Sperm motility (rate and score) was affected differently in B. orbignyanus compared to P. lineatus , and this finding should be considered when developing a methodology for sperm cryopreservation.(AU)

QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE BEBEDOUROS DE CONSUMO HUMANO DE DIFERENTES LOCAIS DA FCAV UNESP JABOTICABAL / QUALITY OF WATER IN THE FOUNTAINS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS AT FCAV, UNESP, JABOTICABAL

A qualidade da água tem sido comprometida desde o manancial, pelo lançamento de efluentes e resíduos, o que exige investimento nas estações de tratamento e alterações na dosagem de produtos para se garantir a qualidade da água na saída das estações O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água de consumo humano de 11 diferentes locais da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ UNESP Jaboticabal, os quais são: Biblioteca, Departamento de Tecnologia, Micro-ondas, Departamento de Parasitologia veterinária, UAD, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Departamento de Anatomia e Fisiologia Animal, Hospital Veterinário, Unamos, Restaurante Universitário. A coleta foi feita diretamente dos bebedouros utilizando-se frascos e espátulas estéreis. A determinação do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli foi realizada pela técnica do substrato cromogênico-fluorogênico-hidrolizável (Colitag) (APHA, 998). Uma amostra de cada local foi coletada de bebe