Osteopatia hipertrófica secundária a osteossarcomacondroblástico extraesquelético em um cão / Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma in a dog

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals’ osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...]

Osteopatia hipertrófica secundária a osteossarcomacondroblástico extraesquelético em um cão / Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma in a dog

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...](AU)

Características do complexo valvular mitral e sua importância na doença valvar crônica em cães: revisão de literatura / Mitral valve complex characteristics and its relevance on canine chronic valvar disease: literaturereview

A doença valvar crônica (DVC) é uma cardiopatia comum ocasionada por estímulos intrínsecos e extrínsecosnos folhetos atrioventriculares esquerdos. Os cães acometidos apresentam irregularidade na coaptação, gerando refluxo da câmara ventricular esquerda para o átrio homolateral e, por conseguinte, sobrecarga de volume. Mecanismos de gatilho, perpetuação da lesão e métodos diagnósticos vêm sendo estudados exaustivamente para compreender o desenrolar da DVC. Todavia, a dinâmica de funcionamento da valva mitral tem sido subestimada nas descrições da literatura veterinária, sobretudo os aspectos físicos e morfológicos da mesma. Nessa revisão objetiva-se o aprofundamento de tais características correlacionando-as com a DVC para facilitar a compreensão e a devida importância dessas informações em estudos futuros na cardiologia veterinária.AU

Chronic valvar disease (CVD) is a common cardiopathy induced by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli on left atrioventricular leaflets. Dogs with this disease presents coaptation irregularities resulting on left ventricular regurgitating reflux onto the homolateral atrium causing volume overload. Trigger and lesion perpetuation mechanisms as diagnostic methods have been studied exhaustively for proper comprehension on CVD development. However, mitral valve function mechanisms are underestimated in veterinary literature descriptions, mainly physical and morphological aspects. The main purpose of this review is to analyze mitral valve foundations to correlate within CVD for proper comprehension on this disease as for future studies on veterinary cardiology.AU

Características do complexo valvular mitral e sua importância na doença valvar crônica em cães: revisão de literatura / Mitral valve complex characteristics and its relevance on canine chronic valvar disease: literaturereview

A doença valvar crônica (DVC) é uma cardiopatia comum ocasionada por estímulos intrínsecos e extrínsecosnos folhetos atrioventriculares esquerdos. Os cães acometidos apresentam irregularidade na coaptação, gerando refluxo da câmara ventricular esquerda para o átrio homolateral e, por conseguinte, sobrecarga de volume. Mecanismos de gatilho, perpetuação da lesão e métodos diagnósticos vêm sendo estudados exaustivamente para compreender o desenrolar da DVC. Todavia, a dinâmica de funcionamento da valva mitral tem sido subestimada nas descrições da literatura veterinária, sobretudo os aspectos físicos e morfológicos da mesma. Nessa revisão objetiva-se o aprofundamento de tais características correlacionando-as com a DVC para facilitar a compreensão e a devida importância dessas informações em estudos futuros na cardiologia veterinária.

Chronic valvar disease (CVD) is a common cardiopathy induced by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli on left atrioventricular leaflets. Dogs with this disease presents coaptation irregularities resulting on left ventricular regurgitating reflux onto the homolateral atrium causing volume overload. Trigger and lesion perpetuation mechanisms as diagnostic methods have been studied exhaustively for proper comprehension on CVD development. However, mitral valve function mechanisms are underestimated in veterinary literature descriptions, mainly physical and morphological aspects. The main purpose of this review is to analyze mitral valve foundations to correlate within CVD for proper comprehension on this disease as for future studies on veterinary cardiology.