Resumo
Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) usually arrive in poor body conditions at Brazilian beaches during the winter. Hematology provides valuable information about clinical and immunity status of the animals. The aims of this study were to determine the hematologic, total plasma protein (TPP) and fibrinogen profiles of young and adult magellanic penguins in PROAMAR and CETAS-SC, relating these results with the state of health and survival possibility of the animals. In Paraná 14 animals were evaluated in pre and eight in post-rehabilitation and 29 animals were evaluated in Santa Catarina after rehabilitation. Before rehabilitation, all animals showed weakness. In hematological exams of these animals, we found that anemia was present in 83% of the penguins that died and 50% of those which survived. The heterophils/lymphocytes (H/L) ratio was 3.87±0.57 in animals that died, significantly higher than the average of 2.20±0.30 for animals that survived. These two parameters are useful to assess the survival possibility of animals to rehabilitation. The body condition score was positively correlated with hematocrit and TPP, and negatively correlated with H/L ratio. After rehabilitation, the values were similar to other animals of the family Spheniscidae, with averages ranging from 1.64 to 1.90x106 erythrocytes/µL; 43.38 to 48.80% of hematocrit; 12.45 to 13.52g/dL of hemoglobin; 8,684 to 14,011 leukocytes/µL; 4,767 to 8,041 heterophils/µL; 3,215 to 4,951 lymphocytes/µL; 95 to 655 eosinophils/µl; 179.8 to 277.9 monocytes/µL; 141 to 184.9 basophils/µL; and 1.26 to 1.74 of H/L ratio. These parameters can therefore be used as reference values and release parameters for young and adult Magellanic penguins in captivity on the rehabilitation centers.(AU)
Pinguins-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) geralmente chegam debilitados às praias do Brasil durante o inverno. A hematologia fornece informações valiosas sobre estado clínico e imunidade dos animais. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar o perfil hematológico, de proteína plasmática total (PPT) e fibrinogênio de pinguins-de-magalhães jovens e adultos no PROAMAR e no CETAS-SC, relacionando esses resultados com o estado de saúde e possibilidade de sobrevivência dos animais. Foram avaliados no Paraná 14 animais na pré e oito na pós-reabilitação e 29 animais em Santa Catarina após a reabilitação. Antes da reabilitação, todos os animais apresentavam debilidade. Nos exames hematológicos desses animais, observou-se que a anemia estava presente em 83% dos pinguins que foram a óbito e em 50% dos que sobreviveram. A relação heterófilos/linfócitos (H/L) foi de 3,87±0,57 nos animais que foram a óbito, significativamente maior que a média de 2,20±0,30 dos animais que sobreviveram. Esses dois parâmetros são úteis na avaliação da possibilidade de sobrevivência dos animais à reabilitação. O escore corporal apresentou correlação positiva com hematócrito e PPT, e correlação negativa com relação H/L. Após a reabilitação os valores foram semelhantes aos de outros animais da família Spheniscidae, com médias variando de 1,64 a 1,90 x106 eritrócitos/µL; 43,38 a 48,80% de hematócrito; 12,45 a 13,52g/dL de hemoglobina; 8.684 a 14.011 leucócitos/µL; 4.767 a 8.041 heterófilos/µL; 3.215 a 4.951 linfócitos/µL; 95 a 655 eosinófilos/µL; 179,8 a 277,9 monócitos/µL; 141 a 184,9 basófilos/µL; e 1,26 a 1,74 de relação H/L. Esses parâmetros, portanto, podem ser utilizados como valores de referência e parâmetros para soltura para pinguins-de-magalhães jovens e adultos em cativeiro nos centros de reabilitação.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Fibrinogênio/análise , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Spheniscidae/sangue , Anemia/reabilitaçãoResumo
Black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) are endangered callithrichids. Their conservation may require future translocations or reintroductions; however these approaches involve risks of pathogen introduction in the environment and stress-related opportunistic infections in these animals. In order to screen for opportunistic and potential pathogenic bacterial and fungal microbiota, ten free-ranging and ten captive Black lion tamarins were studied and the results compared. Nasal, oral and rectal swabs were collected and cultured for aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and fungi, and a total 203 bacterial and 84 fungal isolates were obtained. Overall, the most frequent organisms were Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Microbiota of free-ranging and captive animals were similar in composition. A number of potentially pathogenic organisms were identified, emphasizing the importance of microbiological screening in future translocation or reintroduction conservation management programs.