Resumo
Background: Infection by helminthes is a main problem affecting sheep, causing significant economic losses. Among theseparasites that may affect sheep, Haemonchus contortus, a hematophagous parasite caused of anemia. The anemia due toparasitosis causes animal apathy, the main goal of most studies is to show how anemia affects animal performance, withlittle research on the relationship of animal behavior and helminthosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anemia caused by helminthes on the behavior of pregnant ewes before and after antihelminthic treatment.Material, Methods & Results: Pregnant ewes (n = 18) Lacaune breed from the same herd in Southern of Brazil wereclassified into three groups of six animals each according to their degree of anemia based on the Famacha method (F) andhematocrit counts (H) in addition to fecal examination on day 0 of the study. The groups were formed as follow: Group A(level 1-2 (F), (H) ≥ 30%), Group B (level 3 (F); (H) among 21-29%), and Group C (level 4-5 (F); (H) ≤ 20%). Famachamethod, hematological analysis and fecal examination were repeated at the end of the experiment on day 18. Behavioralassessment was done concomitantly by two methods: direct temporal observation with real-time registration and continuous observation with conspicuous registration for each event performed by the animal. Animal behavior was observedduring six periods (P1 to P6) six h a day (08:00-10:00 AM, 12:00-02:00 PM, and from 04:00-06:00 PM), being tree-pointperiods prior (P1, P2 and P3) and three after the antihelminthic treatment (P4, P5 and P6). The animals from the Group Chad higher eggs per gram (EPG) counts in faces when compared to other groups. The animals from the Group B showedhigher ratios of the variable lying ruminating (1.74) when compared to the Group A. Animals from the Group C showedhigher...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ovinos/parasitologia , Comportamento Animal , Helmintíase Animal/patologia , Helmintíase Animal/psicologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , HaemonchusResumo
Background: Infection by helminthes is a main problem affecting sheep, causing significant economic losses. Among theseparasites that may affect sheep, Haemonchus contortus, a hematophagous parasite caused of anemia. The anemia due toparasitosis causes animal apathy, the main goal of most studies is to show how anemia affects animal performance, withlittle research on the relationship of animal behavior and helminthosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anemia caused by helminthes on the behavior of pregnant ewes before and after antihelminthic treatment.Material, Methods & Results: Pregnant ewes (n = 18) Lacaune breed from the same herd in Southern of Brazil wereclassified into three groups of six animals each according to their degree of anemia based on the Famacha method (F) andhematocrit counts (H) in addition to fecal examination on day 0 of the study. The groups were formed as follow: Group A(level 1-2 (F), (H) ≥ 30%), Group B (level 3 (F); (H) among 21-29%), and Group C (level 4-5 (F); (H) ≤ 20%). Famachamethod, hematological analysis and fecal examination were repeated at the end of the experiment on day 18. Behavioralassessment was done concomitantly by two methods: direct temporal observation with real-time registration and continuous observation with conspicuous registration for each event performed by the animal. Animal behavior was observedduring six periods (P1 to P6) six h a day (08:00-10:00 AM, 12:00-02:00 PM, and from 04:00-06:00 PM), being tree-pointperiods prior (P1, P2 and P3) and three after the antihelminthic treatment (P4, P5 and P6). The animals from the Group Chad higher eggs per gram (EPG) counts in faces when compared to other groups. The animals from the Group B showedhigher ratios of the variable lying ruminating (1.74) when compared to the Group A. Animals from the Group C showedhigher...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gravidez , Comportamento Animal , Helmintíase Animal/patologia , Helmintíase Animal/psicologia , Ovinos/parasitologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , HaemonchusResumo
The stress in animals can cause economic damage and reduction in quality of the final product. The discomfort caused by stress causes physiological, morphological and behavioral changes in the animals that end up reducing the level of well-being. The first variable to be changed in uncomfortable situations is the respiratory rate and heart rate. This study aimed to evaluate the change in heart rate and respiratory rate of sheep after two forms of anthelmintic treatment, oral and injectable. Thirty-four ewe lambs Lacaune breed selected by the degree of anemia were used (through Famacha method). The animals were allocated according to 2x2 factorial design, two groups of Famacha Group A: 1 and level 2 (20 animals) and Group B: Level 3 and 4 (14 animals), and two routes of administration (oral and injectable). Assessments of respiratory rate and heart rate were performed before, during and after administration of antihelminths. Analyses were performed using the statistical package JMP 8 (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC), adopting a significance level of P<0.05. Respiratory rate had no effect of treatment and degree of Famacha not changing. Heart rate during treatment showed effect of the degree of anemia. This result can be explained by the mode of action of the parasites in its host, because helminth infection leads to anemia due to blood loss. Heart rate and respiratory rate were influenced by the type of administration, being higher for oral compared to injectable. One hypothesis for this result would be arising from the action of antihelminths after application spectrum and the other would be the previous experience of the animals with oral administration. The oral route of administration was more stressful than the injectable route of administration, increasing the heart rate of sheep.
Assuntos
Animais , Bem-Estar do Animal , Estresse Mecânico , Ovinos/classificação , Sistema CardiovascularResumo
The stress in animals can cause economic damage and reduction in quality of the final product. The discomfort caused by stress causes physiological, morphological and behavioral changes in the animals that end up reducing the level of well-being. The first variable to be changed in uncomfortable situations is the respiratory rate and heart rate. This study aimed to evaluate the change in heart rate and respiratory rate of sheep after two forms of anthelmintic treatment, oral and injectable. Thirty-four ewe lambs Lacaune breed selected by the degree of anemia were used (through Famacha method). The animals were allocated according to 2x2 factorial design, two groups of Famacha Group A: 1 and level 2 (20 animals) and Group B: Level 3 and 4 (14 animals), and two routes of administration (oral and injectable). Assessments of respiratory rate and heart rate were performed before, during and after administration of antihelminths. Analyses were performed using the statistical package JMP 8 (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC), adopting a significance level of P<0.05. Respiratory rate had no effect of treatment and degree of Famacha not changing. Heart rate during treatment showed effect of the degree of anemia. This result can be explained by the mode of action of the parasites in its host, because helminth infection leads to anemia due to blood loss. Heart rate and respiratory rate were influenced by the type of administration, being higher for oral compared to injectable. One hypothesis for this result would be arising from the action of antihelminths after application spectrum and the other would be the previous experience of the animals with oral administration. The oral route of administration was more stressful than the injectable route of administration, increasing the heart rate of sheep.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/classificação , Estresse Mecânico , Bem-Estar do Animal , Sistema CardiovascularResumo
The stress in animals can cause economic damage and reduction in quality of the final product. The discomfort caused by stress causes physiological, morphological and behavioral changes in the animals that end up reducing the level of well-being. The first variable to be changed in uncomfortable situations is the respiratory rate and heart rate. This study aimed to evaluate the change in heart rate and respiratory rate of sheep after two forms of anthelmintic treatment, oral and injectable. Thirty-four ewe lambs Lacaune breed selected by the degree of anemia were used (through Famacha method). The animals were allocated according to 2x2 factorial design, two groups of Famacha Group A: 1 and level 2 (20 animals) and Group B: Level 3 and 4 (14 animals), and two routes of administration (oral and injectable). Assessments of respiratory rate and heart rate were performed before, during and after administration of antihelminths. Analyses were performed using the statistical package JMP 8 (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC), adopting a significance level of P 0.05. Respiratory rate had no effect of treatment and degree of Famacha not changing. Heart rate during treatment showed effect of the degree of anemia. This result can be explained by the mode of action of the parasites in its host, because helminth infection leads to anemia due to blood loss. Heart rate and respiratory rate were in
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
Resumo
In the last decade sheep production grew significantly and the sheep are one of the most exploited species in the world. West of Santa Catarina shows growth in the exploitation of these species especially dairy breeds. Adverse weather conditions may cause heat stress in animals which causes losses in productive and reproductive indexes. The body temperature is the main variable used to evaluate heat stress. Thus, infrared equipment is used because it is a noninvasive technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of tympanic temperature as indicator of thermoregulatory state of dairy sheep. The study was conducted in Chapecó - SC, in February of 2014, for 15 days. Eighteen pregnant sheep (60 days of gestation) with average age of three and five years old were used. Environmental variables dry bulb temperature (Db) and wet bulb temperature (Wb) were taken hourly and the temperature and humidity index (THI) calculated. Respiratory rate (RR), tympanic temperature (TT) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured during the morning and afternoon. Mean values and standard deviations of environmental and physiological variables were calculated for general characterization of the data. The physiological and environmental data were used to analysis of Pearson correlation. The values of environmental and physiological variables were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
Resumo
In the last decade sheep production grew significantly and the sheep are one of the most exploited species in the world. West of Santa Catarina shows growth in the exploitation of these species especially dairy breeds. Adverse weather conditions may cause heat stress in animals which causes losses in productive and reproductive indexes. The body temperature is the main variable used to evaluate heat stress. Thus, infrared equipment is used because it is a noninvasive technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of tympanic temperature as indicator of thermoregulatory state of dairy sheep. The study was conducted in Chapecó - SC, in February of 2014, for 15 days. Eighteen pregnant sheep (60 days of gestation) with average age of three and five years old were used. Environmental variables dry bulb temperature (Db) and wet bulb temperature (Wb) were taken hourly and the temperature and humidity index (THI) calculated. Respiratory rate (RR), tympanic temperature (TT) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured during the morning and afternoon. Mean values and standard deviations of environmental and physiological variables were calculated for general characterization of the data. The physiological and environmental data were used to analysis of Pearson correlation. The values of environmental and physiological variables were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
Resumo
The stress in animals can cause economic damage and reduction in quality of the final product. The discomfort caused by stress causes physiological, morphological and behavioral changes in the animals that end up reducing the level of well-being. The first variable to be changed in uncomfortable situations is the respiratory rate and heart rate. This study aimed to evaluate the change in heart rate and respiratory rate of sheep after two forms of anthelmintic treatment, oral and injectable. Thirty-four ewe lambs Lacaune breed selected by the degree of anemia were used (through Famacha method). The animals were allocated according to 2x2 factorial design, two groups of Famacha Group A: 1 and level 2 (20 animals) and Group B: Level 3 and 4 (14 animals), and two routes of administration (oral and injectable). Assessments of respiratory rate and heart rate were performed before, during and after administration of antihelminths. Analyses were performed using the statistical package JMP 8 (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC), adopting a significance level of P 0.05. Respiratory rate had no effect of treatment and degree of Famacha not changing. Heart rate during treatment showed effect of the degree of anemia. This result can be explained by the mode of action of the parasites in its host, because helminth infection leads to anemia due to blood loss. Heart rate and respiratory rate were in
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.