Eletroestimulação na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas experimentais em coelhos / Electrical stimulation in experimental wound healing in rabbits

Feridas cutâneas crônicas e complicadas são frequentemente encontradas na rotina da medicina veterinária e, muitas vezes, transformam os tratamentos em verdadeiro desafio. A eletroterapia tem sido indicada como alternativa aos tratamentos convencionais, devido à sua capacidade de promover cicatrização. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um ensaio experimental utilizando a eletroestimulação (ES) na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em coelhos. Para tanto, foram utilizados 10 coelhos Nova Zelândia, machos, hígidos, submetidos à anestesia geral para a indução experimental de duas feridas cutâneas de 1cm² localizadas no dorso, caudal à borda das escápulas. As lesões foram higienizadas com solução salina 0,9%, sendo a do lado direito tratada por ES e a do lado esquerdo, como controle. Para ES utilizou-se a frequência de 60Hz, por 10 minutos a cada dois dias, sendo aplicadas quatro agulhas de acupuntura em pontos equidistantes ao redor da lesão, a 0,5cm da borda. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, de oito e de 15 dias, conforme o período de tratamento e avaliação macroscópica e histopatológica. Não houve diferença significativa no tempo de cicatrização das lesões tratadas com ES. Porém, apresentaram qualidade tecidual, tanto na avaliação macro quanto microscópica, superior às do grupo controle. Com isso, é possível indicar a ES como tratamento de feridas cutâneas, por ser uma técnica eficiente, de fácil aplicação e de relativo baixo custo.(AU)

Chronic skin wounds are frequently found in veterinary medicine routine and it becomes a challenge for clinicians. Sometimes the treatment routinely used end up failing. The electrotherapy has been indicated as an alternative to conventional treatments because of its ability to promote healing. The aim of this paper is to report an experimental study using electrical stimulation (ES) in wound healing in rabbits. It was evaluated 10 healthy New Zealand rabbits that were submitted to general anesthesia for resection of two wounds with 1cm² located in both sides of the back behind the scapula edge. It was determinate that the right wound would be treated by ES and the left would be used as a control, both cleaned with solution of NaCl 0,9%. The frequency used to ES was 60Hz for 10 minutes every two days, being applied by acupuncture needles in four equidistant points around the lesion, to 0.5cm from the edge. The animals were divided in one group of 15 days and another one of 8 days for treatment and macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. The results showed that the lesions treated by ES do not have significant difference in healing time. However, those treated had higher scarring macroscopic and microscopic quality than the control group. Therefore, it is possible to indicate the use of ES as a skin wounds treatment, whereas it was demonstrated to be an effective technique, easy to use and has relatively low cost.(AU)

Raiva em bovinos diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil no período de 2002 a 2007 / Rabies in cattle diagnosed by the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil in the period from 2002 to 2007

Background: Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus, the genus Lyssavirus e family Rhabdoviridae. The commonest way of rabies transmission is by the bite of an infected mammal. Bites by rabid animals generally inoculate virus-laden saliva through the skin into muscle and subcutaneous tissues. Rabies has previously been regarded as 100% lethal. In South America, rabies in cattle is transmitted by vampire bats Desmodus rotundus mainly resulting in a major economic problem and public health. The present study retrospectively analyzed data from cattle affected by rabies registered between 2002 and 2007, evaluating the epidemiological, clinical and pathological and immunohistochemistry studies. Materials, Methods & Results: This retrospective study included epidemiological, clinical, pathological, direct immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry findings from 26 cattle affected by rabies diagnosed by the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil in the period from 2002 to 2007. The samples were selected from a histological diagnosis of lesions characteristic of rabies or positive direct immunofluorescence for rabies where samples were available for histological examination. The central nervous system (CNS) samples of cattle were reported in 10% formalin fixed, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut at 5 µm and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histological slides were also tested with immunohistochemistry procedure using a standardized protocol for rabies with a polyclonal primary antibody at a dilution of 1:1000 in phosphate buffered saline. Cattle between 3 months and 8 years of age were affected. Clinical course ranged from 1-10 days. Paralytical form was the most common. Clinical signs included motor incordination, paresis, and paralysis of the pelvic members and decubitus. The main histopathological findings were characterized by lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis and nonsuppurative meningomyelitis associated with characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in 88.4% (23/26) cases. In 92.3% (24/26), the animals examined were positive by immunohistochemistry for rabies. Positive labeling was present in perikarya of neurons as aggregates of granules or round formations associated with varying numbers of inclusion bodies, mainly observed in the Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. Discussion: Rabies is an important disease of cattle in Brazil. In this study the diagnosis was based on the histopathological, direct immunofluorescence and positive immunostaining for rabies antigen. Immunohistochemistry is a laboratory technique that uses specific antibodies for visualization and evaluation as to the quantity, distribution and cellular localization of epitopes in histological sections, allowing the use of formalin-fixed tissues, which facilitates the transport of samples to the Laboratory, generating more time for sending. The average markup of 26 cases of cattle was 92.3%, but this average could be higher if other areas of the CNS had been used and the fixation time in formalin were lower. Immunohistochemistry is an important auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of rabies, especially in circunstances in which refrigeration cannot be adequately maintained, and in cases characterized by nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis with absence of inclusion bodies.

Squamous cell carcinoma in the third eyelid of a horse

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a locally invasive malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells. This neoplasm affects the eyelid, conjunctiva and third eyelid as well as the cornea. The SCC is the most common neoplasm of equine eye and ocular adnexa. Breeds, Appaloosas, American Paint Horses, Thoroughbreds, and Quarter Horses are reported in literature as being the most predisposed ones to SCC. Although presenting a common occurrence, SCC in the third eyelid of horses is rarely reported in literature. This paper aims to describe clinical and pathological signs, and a surgical intervention of a squamous cell carcinoma case in the third eyelid of a horse.[...]

Squamous cell carcinoma in the third eyelid of a horse

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a locally invasive malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells. This neoplasm affects the eyelid, conjunctiva and third eyelid as well as the cornea. The SCC is the most common neoplasm of equine eye and ocular adnexa. Breeds, Appaloosas, American Paint Horses, Thoroughbreds, and Quarter Horses are reported in literature as being the most predisposed ones to SCC. Although presenting a common occurrence, SCC in the third eyelid of horses is rarely reported in literature. This paper aims to describe clinical and pathological signs, and a surgical intervention of a squamous cell carcinoma case in the third eyelid of a horse.[...](AU)

Uso do Laser ALGaInP na cicatrização de lesões cutâneas experimentais em coelhos / Use of ALGaInP Laser in the Wound Healing of Experimental Cutaneous Lesions in Rabbits

Background: Animals with extensive cutaneous lesions remain hospitalized for long periods. In addition to increasing treatment costs, this also causes stress in these animals. Low-power laser is widely used to support tissue repair processes. Its use in the treatment of cutaneous wounds has been studied, as it reduces the wound healing period and the consequences caused by the lesion. The study aimed to evaluat the wound healing process of experimental cutaneous wounds in rabbits with the use of laser therapy. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten healthy New Zealand rabbits were used in the study, which were divided in two groups (n=5). Skin biopsies were carried out on day 16 in Group 1 and on day 8 in Group 2. The animals were under general anesthesia for the experimental cutaneous lesion to be carried out. Two 1 cm2 wounds were made on the back of each animal. The lesions were measured by a pachymeter in the immediate postoperative period, then covered with sterile gauze and maintained with rubber bandages. The animals were treated only with Tramadon 3 mg.kg-1 twice a day, during 3 days. Only the lesions on the right side of the animals were irradiated regularly, on each side of the wound, at a distance of 0.5 cm from the margin. The equipment used was a 660 nm wavelength AlGaInP laser diode (Laserpulse, Ibramed), pulsed at a frequency of 20 Hz, at a dose of 3 J and stimulation time of 12 s. The left-side lesions represented the control and the treatment administered to them consisted only of a cleanse using a NaCl solution at 0.9% once a day. The measurement of the lesion area was made every two days with a pachymeter, and the macroscopic characteristics were noted on a control card. For the histological evaluation of the wound healing process, biopsy specimens were taken from the right and left lesions on the sixteenth day in G1 and on the eighth day in G2, by means of a 6mm punch.(...)

Uso do Laser ALGaInP na cicatrização de lesões cutâneas experimentais em coelhos / Use of ALGaInP Laser in the Wound Healing of Experimental Cutaneous Lesions in Rabbits

Background: Animals with extensive cutaneous lesions remain hospitalized for long periods. In addition to increasing treatment costs, this also causes stress in these animals. Low-power laser is widely used to support tissue repair processes. Its use in the treatment of cutaneous wounds has been studied, as it reduces the wound healing period and the consequences caused by the lesion. The study aimed to evaluat the wound healing process of experimental cutaneous wounds in rabbits with the use of laser therapy. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten healthy New Zealand rabbits were used in the study, which were divided in two groups (n=5). Skin biopsies were carried out on day 16 in Group 1 and on day 8 in Group 2. The animals were under general anesthesia for the experimental cutaneous lesion to be carried out. Two 1 cm2 wounds were made on the back of each animal. The lesions were measured by a pachymeter in the immediate postoperative period, then covered with sterile gauze and maintained with rubber bandages. The animals were treated only with Tramadon 3 mg.kg-1 twice a day, during 3 days. Only the lesions on the right side of the animals were irradiated regularly, on each side of the wound, at a distance of 0.5 cm from the margin. The equipment used was a 660 nm wavelength AlGaInP laser diode (Laserpulse, Ibramed), pulsed at a frequency of 20 Hz, at a dose of 3 J and stimulation time of 12 s. The left-side lesions represented the control and the treatment administered to them consisted only of a cleanse using a NaCl solution at 0.9% once a day. The measurement of the lesion area was made every two days with a pachymeter, and the macroscopic characteristics were noted on a control card. For the histological evaluation of the wound healing process, biopsy specimens were taken from the right and left lesions on the sixteenth day in G1 and on the eighth day in G2, by means of a 6mm punch.(...)(AU)

Timpanismo espumoso em bovinos leiteiros em pastagens de Trifolium spp. (Leg.Caesalpinoideae) / Leguminous bloat in dairy cattle on Trifolium spp. pastures

O pastejo de plantas leguminosas que provocam fermentação excessiva pode causar surtos de timpanismo e mortes em ruminantes. Em uma propriedade no município de São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, oito bovinos de um total de 66 morreram subitamente, ao haverem sido transferidos de um potreiro de campo nativo, para outro cuja pastagem era composta por Trifolium repens e Trifolium pratense. Os animais foram encontrados mortos no amanhecer do dia seguinte à transferência, não foram observados sinais clínicos prévios. Os principais achados macroscópicos incluíram aumento de volume abdominal, protrusão de vagina e língua, distensão ruminal, fígado de coloração pálida e aumento do baço. Na histologia, havia congestão e edema pulmonares e hiperplasia linfóide difusa e acentuada no baço. A evidência de ingestão das leguminosas associada aos achados patológicos e à ausência de microrganismos no exame bacteriológico confirmaram o diagnóstico de timpanismo.(AU)

Leguminous bloat may occur in cattle which graze pastures consisting of lush forages. In a dairy farm located on the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, eight out of 66 cows died suddenly after being transferred to a paddock whose pastures were composed of Trifolium repens and Trifolium pratense. Animals were found dead in the morning of the next day after being transferred; no clinical signs were noticed. Main gross findings included enhanced abdominal volume, protrusion and congestion of the tongue and vagina, ruminal distension, pale liver, and enhanced spleen. Histologically, there were lung congestion and edema, and splenic lymphoid hyperplasia. The evidence of leguminous forages consumption associated with the pathological findings and the absence of growth on bacteriology confirmed the diagnosis.(AU)

Skin lesions caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in an aborted swine-fetus / Lesões de pele causadas por Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae em um feto suíno abortado

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection has a worldwide distribution and may be characterized by skin lesions, vegetative endocarditis, arthritis and reproductive problems such as abortion, increased stillbirths and smaller litter size. This report associates an aborted swine fetus with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection. The main gross lesions observed in an aborted swine fetus (Large White) were well circumscribed whitish areas in the skin of the periocular region, face, neck, scapula, and hindquarter. Microscopicaly, these lesions were characterized by mild mononuclear perivasculitis associated with gram-positive rods. Aerobic cultivation from samples of lungs, liver, stomach content and skin revealed pure cultures of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.(AU)

A infecção por Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae tem distribuição mundial e se caracteriza por lesões de pele, endocardite vegetativa, artrite e problemas reprodutivos tais como aborto, nascimento de animais mortos e diminuição do tamanho da leitegada. Áreas circulares bem delimitadas e esbranquiçadas localizadas na pele ao redor dos olhos, face, escápula e trem posterior foram as principais alterações macroscópicas observadas em um feto suíno da raça Large White. Microscopicamente, essas lesões apresentavam perivasculite mononuclear multifocal moderada associada com bastonetes Gram-positivos. Os cultivos aeróbios de amostras de fígado, pulmão, conteúdo estomacal e pele revelaram crescimento de Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.(AU)